The family sequence mainly follows Peters. For earlier references on anatomy, systematics, families and orders, see Sibley & Ahlquist (1990), and Sibley & Monroe (1990). Each link "to family account" is to the appropriate section of the UMMZ online reference Bird Families of the World.
Ames, P. L. 1971. The morphology of the syrinx in passerine birds. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 37:1-194.
Edwards, S. V., P. Arctander & A. C. Wilson. 1990. Mitochondrial resolution of a deep branch in the genealogical tree for perching birds. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 243:99-107.
ation Guide to North American Birds, part 1. Columbidae to Ploceidae. Slate Creek Press, Bolinas, California.Raikow, R. J. 1982. Monophyly of the Passeriformes: test of a phylogenetic hypothesis. Auk 99:431-445.
Raikow, R. J. 1986. Why are there so many kinds of passerine birds? Syst. Zool. 35:255-259.
Rehkämper, G., H. D. Frahm & K. Zilles. 1991. Quantitative development of brain and brain structures in birds (Galliformes and Passeriformes) compared to that in mammals (Insectivores and Primates). Brain Behav. Evol. 37:125-143.
Sibley, C. G. & J.E. Ahlquist. 1985. The phylogeny and classification of the passerine birds, based on comparisons of the genetic material, DNA. Proc. XVIII Internat. Ornithol. Congress, Moscow, 1982, pp. 83-121.
Svensson, L. 1984. Identification Guide to European Passerines. 3rd ed. Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm.
Wyles, J. S., J. G. Kunkel, and A. C. Wilson. 1983. Birds, behavior, and anatomical evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4394-4397.
Woodbury, C. J. 1998. Two spinal cords in birds: novel insights into early avian evolution. Proc. R. Soc. London B 265:1721-1729.
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Old World Suboscines: Pittas, Broadbills, Asities
Amadon, D. 1951. Le pseudo-souimanga de Madagascar. L'Oiseau Rev. Franc. Ornithol. 21:59-63.
Auber, L. 1964. The possible evolutionary significance in feather structure between closely related Pittidae (Passeres: Mesomyodes). J. Linn. Soc., (Zool.) 45(305):245-250.
Erritzoe, Johannes & H. B. Erritzoe. 1998. Pittas of the World. Lutterworth.
Feduccia, A. 1976. Morphology of the bony stapes in Philepitta and Neodrepanis: new evidence for suboscine affinities Auk 93:169-170.
Lambert, F. & Woodcock, M. 1996. Pittas, Broadbills and Asities. Pica Press, Mountfield, Sussex, UK.
Prum, R. O. 1993. Phylogeny, biogeography, and evolution of the broadbills (Eurylaimidae) and asities (Philepittidae) based on morphology. Auk 11:304-324. (((((Philepitta, Neodrepanis) Pseudocalyptomena) Eurylaimus & others) Calyptomena) Smithornis)
Prum, R. O. & V. R. Razafindratsita. 1997. Lek behavior and natural history of the velvet asity (Philepitta castanea: Eurylaimidae). Wilson Bull 109:371-392.
Prum, R. O., R. L. Morrison & G. R. Ten Eyck. 1994. Structural color production by constructive reflection from ordered collagen arrays in a bird (Philepitta castanea: Eurylaimidae). J. Morphol. 222:61-72. color photos of velvet asity, also of collagen arrays.
Raikow, R. J. 1987. Hindlimb myology and evolution of the Old World suboscine passerine birds (Acanthisittidae, Pittidae, Philepittidae, Eurylaimidae). Ornithol. Monogr. 41.
Salomonsen, F. 1934. Les Neodrepanis, genre particulier de Soui-mangas malagaches. L'Oiseau Rev. Franc. Ornithol. 4:1-9.
Salomonsen, F. 1965. Notes on the sunbird-asities (Neodrepanis). L'Oiseau Rev. Franc. Ornithol. 35:103-111.
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Ames, P. L., M. A. Heimerdinger & S. L. Warter. 1968. The anatomy and systematic position of the antpipits Conopophaga and Corythopis. Postilla 114:1-32.
Arctander, P. & Fjeldså, J. 1994. Tapaculos of the genus Scytalopus: a study of speciation patterns using DNA sequence. In: Loeschcke, V., Tomiuk, J. & Jain, S.K. (eds.), Conservation Genetics: 205-226. Basel: Birkhauser.
Bledsoe, A. H., R. J. Raikow & A. G. Glasgow. 1993. The evolution and functional significance of tendon ossification in woodcreepers (Aves: Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptinae). J. Morphol. 215:289-300.
Braun, M. J. & T. A. Parker. 1985. Molecular, morphological, and behavioral evidence concerning the taxonomic relationships of "Synallaxis" gularis and other Synallaxines. Ornithol. Monogr. 36:333-346.
Feduccia, A. 1973. Evolutionary trends in the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodhewers. Ornithol. Monogr. 13.
Fernando Pachero, J., B. M. Whitney & L. Gonzaga. 1996. A new genus and species of Furnariid (Aves: Furnariidae) from the cocoa-growing region of southeastern Bahia, Brazil. Wilson Bull. 108:397-433. Acrobatornis fonsecai
Garcia-Moreno, J. &J. Maria Cardosa da Silva. 1997. An interplay between forest and non-forest South American avifaunas suggested by a phylogeny of Lepidocolaptes woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 32:164-173.
Graves, G. R. 1992. Diagnosis of a hybrid antbird (Phlegopsis nigromaculata x Phlegopsis erythroptera) and the ratity of hybridization among suboscines. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 105:834-840.
Hackett, S. J. 1993. Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships in the Neotropical genus Gymnopithys (Formicariidae). Wilson Bull. 105:301-315.
Hackett, S. J. & K. V. Rosenberg. 1990. Comparison of phenotypic and genetic differentiation in South American antwrens (Formicariidae). Auk 107:473-490.
Hardy, J. W., T. Parker & B. Boffey. 1995. Voices of the woodcreepers, neotropical family Dendrocolaptidae, 2nd ed, rev. ARA records, Gainesville, FL.
Heimerdinger, M. A. & P. L. Ames 1967. Variation in the sternal notches of suboscine passeriform birds. Postilla 105:1-44.
Olson, S. L. & E. N. Kurochkin. 1987. Fossil evidence of a tapaculo in the Quaternary of Cuba (Aves: Passeriformes: Scytalopodidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 100:353-357.
Raikow, R. J. 1993. Structure and variation in the hindlimb musculature of the woodcreepers (Aves: Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptinae). Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 107:353-399.
Raikow, R. J. 1994. A phylogeny of the woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptinae). Auk 111:104-114.
Schulenberg, T. S. & M. D. Williams. 1982. A new species of antpitta (Grallaria) from northern Peru. Wilson Bull. 94:105-113. Grallaria carrikeri
Skutch, A. F. 1996. Antbirds and Ovenbirds, their lives and homes. Univ. Texas, Austin.
Stiles, F. G. 1992. A new species of antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the eastern Andes of Colombia. Wilson Bull. 104:389-409. Grallaria kaestneri, the fourth new species in 24 years
Stouffer, P. C. & R. O. Bierregaard. 1995. Use of Amazonian forest fragments by understory insectivorous birds. Ecology 76:2429-2445. 10-year longitudinal study, Brazil, antbirds, importance of structure of matrix vegetation.
Whitney, B. M. 1994. Behavior, vocalizations, and possible relationships of four Myrmotherula antwrens (Formicariidae) from eastern Ecuador. Auk 111:469-475.
Whitney, B. W. 1994. A new Scytalopus tapaculo (Rhinocryptidae) from Bolivia, with notes on other Bolivian members of the genus and the magellanicus complex. Wilson Bull. 106:685-614. S. schulenbergi
Whitney, B. M., J. Fernando Pachero, P. Sérgio Moreira da Fonseca & R. H. Barth. 1996. The nest and nesting ecology of Acrobatornis fosecai (Furnariidae), with implications for intrafamilial relationships. Wilson Bull. 108:434-448.
Willis, E. O. 1967. The behavior of bicolored antbirds. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 79:1-132.
Willis, E. O. 1972. The behavior of spotted antbirds. Ornithol. Monogr. 10:1-162.
Willis, E. O. 1973. The behavior of ocellated antbirds. Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. 144:1-57.
Willis, E. O. 1973. Survival rates for visited and unvisited nests of bicolored antbirds. Auk 90:263-267.
Willis, E. O. 1974. Populations and local extinctions of birds on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Ecol. Monogr. 44:153-169.
Willis, E. O. 1985. Antthrushes, antpittas, and gnateaters (Aves, Formicariidae) as army ant followers. Revta bras. Zool., S. Paulo 2(7):443-448. twenty-third of a series of reports on ant-following birds by Willis
Willis, E. O. & Y. Oniki. 1978. Birds and army ants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 9:243-263.
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Bates, J. M. & R. M. Zink. 1994. Evolution into the Andes: molecular evidence for species relationships in the genus Leptopogon. Auk 111:507-515. Tyrannidae
Brooke, M. de L., Scott, D. A. & Teixeira, D. M. 1983. Some observations made at the first recorded nest of the sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus. Ibis 125:259-261.
Capparella, A. P. & S. M. Lanyon. 1985. Biochemical and morphometric analyses of sympatric, Neotropical, sibling species Mionectes macconnelli and M. oleagineus. Ornithol. Monogr. 36:347-355.
Fitzpatrick, J. W. 1976. Systematics and biogeography of the tyrannid genus Todirostrum and related genera (Aves). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 147:435-463.
Fitzpatrick, J. W. 1980. Foraging behavior of Neotropical tyrant flycatchers. Condor 82:43-57.
Foster, M. S. 1981. Cooperative behavior and social organization of the swallow-tailed manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 9:167-177.
Garcia-Moreno, J. P. Arctander & J. Fjeldså. 1998. Pre-Pleistocene differentiation among chat-tyrants. Condor 100:629-640.
Graves, G. R. 1988. Phylloscartes lanyoni, a new species of bristle-tyrant (Tyrannidae) from the lower Cauca Valley of Colombia. Wilson Bull. 1000:529-534.
Graves, G. R. 1993. A new hybrid manakin (Dixiphia pipra x Pipra filicauda) (Aves: Pipridae) from the Andean foothills of eastern Ecuador. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 106:436-441.
Johnson, N. K. 1963. Biosystematics of sibling species of flycatchers in the Empidonax hammondii-oberholseri-wrightii complex. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 66(2):79-238.
Johnson, N. K. 1980. Character variation and evolution of sibling species in the Empidonax difficilis-flavescens complex (Aves: Tyrannidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 112.
Johnson, N. K. 1994. Old-school taxonomy versus modern biosystematics: species-level decisions in Stelgidopteryx and Empidonax. Auk 111:773-780.
Johnson, N. K. & J. A. Marten. 1988. Evolutionary genetics of flycatchers. II. Differentiation in the Empidonax difficilis complex. Auk 105:1277-191.
Keast, A. 1972. Ecological opportunities and dominant families, as illustrated by the Neotropical Tyrannidae (Aves). Evol. Biol. 5:229-277.
Kroodsma, D. E. 1984. Songs of the alder flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) and willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) are innate. Auk 101:13-24.
Lanyon, S. M. 1985. Molecular perspective on higher-level relationships in the Tyrannoidea (Aves). Syst. Zool. 34:404-418.
Lanyon, S. M. & W. E. Lanyon. 1989. The systematic position of the plantcutters, Phytotoma. Auk 106:422-432.
Lanyon, W. E. 1984. A phylogeny of kingbirds and their allies. Amer. Mus. Novit. 2797:1-28.
Lanyon, W. E. 1985. A phylogeny of Myiarchine flycatchers. Ornithol. Monogr. 36:361-382.
Lanyon, W. E. 1986. A phylogeny of the thirty-three genera in the Empidonax assemblage of tyrant flycatchers. Amer. Mus. Novit. 2846:1-64.
Lanyon, W. E. 1988. The phylogenetic affinities of the flycatcher genera Myiobius Darwin and Terenotriccus Ridgway. Amer. Mus. Novit. 2915:1-11.
Lanyon, W. E. 1988. A phylogeny of the thirty-two genera in the Elaenia assemblage of tyrant flycatchers. Amer. Mus. Novit. 2914:1-57.
Marini, M. A. & Cavalcanti, R. B. 1992. Mating system of the helmeted manakin (Antilophia galeata) in central Brazil. Auk 109:911-913.
McDonald, D. B. 1989. Cooperation under sexual selection: age-graded changes in a lekking bird. Am. Nat. 134:709-730.
McDonald, D. B. 1993. Demographic consequences of sexual selection in the long-tailed manakin. Behav. Ecol. 4:297-309.
McKitrick, M. C. 1985. Monophyly of the Tyrannidae (Aves): comparison of morphology and DNA. Syst. Zool. 345:35-45.
Moermond, T. C. & J. S. Denslow. 1985. Neotropical frugivores: patterns of behavior, morphology and nutrition with consequences for fruit selection. Ornithol. Monogr. 36:865-897.
Olsen, D. H. & M. K. McDowell. 1983. A comparison of white-bearded manakin (Manacus manacus) populations and lek systems in Suriname and Trinidad. Auk 100:739-742.
Phillips, A. R., M. A. Howe & W. E. Lanyon. 1966. Identification of the flycatchers of eastern North America, with special emphasis on the genus Empidonax. Bird-Banding 37:153-171.
Prescott, D. R. C. 1987. Territorial responses to song playback in allopatric and sympatric populations of alder (Empidonax alnorum) and willow (E. traillii) flycatchers. Wilson Bull. 99:611-619.
Prum, R. O. 1990. Phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of display behavior in the Neotropical manakins (Aves: Pipridae). Ethology 84:202-231.
Prum, R. O. 1990. A test of the monophyly of the manakins (Pipridae) and of the cotingas (Cotingidae) based on morphology. Occ. Pap. Museum of Zoology Univ. Michigan 723:1-44.
Prum, R. O. 1992. Syringeal morphology, phylogeny, and evolution of the Neotropical manakins (Aves: Pipridae). Amer. Mus. Novitates 3043:1-65.
Prum, R. O. 1994. Phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of alternative social behavior in the manakins (Aves: Pipridae). Evolution 48:1657-1675.
Prum, R. O. 1997. Phylogenetic tests of alternative intersexual selection mechanisms: trait macroevolution in a polygynous clade (Aves: Pipridae). Am. Nat. 149:668-692.
Prum, R. O. & W. E. Lanyon. 1989. Monophyly and phylogeny of the Schiffornis group (Tyrannoidea). Condor 91:444-461.
Prum, R. O. & A. E. Johnson. 1987. Display behavior, foraging ecology, and systematics of the golden-winged manakin (Masius chlosopterus). Wilson Bull. 99:521-539.
Prum, R. O., J. D. Kaplan & J. E. Pierson. 1996. Display behavior and natural history of the yellow-crowned manakin (Heterocercus flavivertex: Pipridae). Condor 98:722-735. solitary display territories or arenas, females look after nest, eat more insects than other manakins, have above-canopy display flight, wing is dimorphic in length, tail shape is not dimorphic, so wing may produce flight display sound
Reynard, G. B., O. H. Garrido & R. L. Sutton. 1993. Taxonomic revision of the Greater Antillean pewee. Wilson Bull. 105:217-227.
Robbins, M. B., G. H. Rosenberg & F. Sornoza Molina. 1994. A new species of cotinga (Cotingidae: Doliornis) from the Ecuadorian Andes, with comments on plumage sequences in Doliornis and Ampelion. Auk 111:1-7.
Schuchmann-Wegert, G. & K.-L. Schuchmann. 1986. Balzverhalten des Guayana-Felsenhahnes (Rupicola rupicola). Trochilus 7:114-118.
Seutin, G. & Simon, J.-P. 1988. Genetic variation in sympatric willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) and alder flycatchers (E. alnorum). Auk 105:235-243.
Sherry, T. W. 1983. Species accounts of Myionectes oleaginea, pp. 586-587, Terenotriccus erythrurus and Todirostrum cinereum, pp. 605-610, in D. H. Janzen, ed., Costa Rican Natural History. Chicago, Univ. Chicago Press.
Shields, G. F., J. C. Barlow & R. D. James. 1987. Karyotypes of five species of Empidonax flycatchers. Wilson Bull. 99:169-174.
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1985. Phylogeny and Trail, P. W. 1986. Predation and antipredator behavior at Guianan cock-of-the-rock leks. Auk 104:496-507.
Trail, P. W. 1990. Why should lek-breeders be monomorphic? Evolution 44:1837-1852.
Trail, P. W. & P. Donahue. 1991. Notes on the behavior and ecology of the red-cotingas (Cotingidae: Phoenicercus). Wilson Bull. 103:539-51.
Trail, P. W. & D. L. Koutnik. 1986. Courtship at the lek in the Guianan cock-of-the-rock. Ethology 73:197-218.
Trail, P. W. & E. S. Adams. 1989. Active mate choice at cock-of-the-rock leks: tactics of sampling and comparison. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 25:283-292.
Traylor, M. A. 1977. A classification of the tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 148:129-184.
Traylor, M. A. 1979. Two sibling species of Tyrannus (Tyrannidae). Auk 96:221-233.
Traylor, M. A. 1982. Notes on tyrant flycatchers (Aves: Tyrannidae). Fieldiana Zoology, new series no. 13, no. 1338:1-22.
Traylor, M. A. 1985. Species limits in the Ochthoeca diadema species-group (Tyrannidae). Ornithol. Monogr. 36:431-444.
Vuilleumier, F. 1994. Nesting, behavior, distribution, and speciation of Patagonian and Andean ground tyrants (Myiotheretes, Xolmis, Neoxolmis, Agrioris, and Muscisaxicola). Ornithol. Neotropical 5:1-55.
Wescott, D. A. 1997. Lek locations and patterns of female movement and distribution in a Neotropical frugivorous birds. Anim. Behav. 53:235-247. Mionectes oleaginus: study followed female traffic with radiotransmitters
Winker, K. 1994. Divergence in the mitochondrial DNA of Empidonax traillii and E. alnorum, with notes on hybridization. Auk 111:710-713.
Zink, R. M. & N. K. Johnson. 1984. Evolutionary genetics of flycatchers. I. Sibling species in the genera Empidonax and Contopus. Syst. Zool. 33:205-216.
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New Zealand Wrens: Acanthisittidae
Ames, P. L. 1971. The morphology of the syrinx in passerine birds. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 37:1-194.
Feduccia, A. 1975. Morphology of the bony stapes in the Menuridae and Acanthisittidae: evidence for oscine affinities. Wilson Bull. 87:418-420.
Hunt, G. R. & I. G. McLean. 1993. The ecomorphology of sexual dimorphism in the New Zealand rifleman Acanthisitta chloris. Emu 93:71-78.
Houde, P. 1987. Critical evaluation of DNA hybridization studies in avian systematics. Auk 104:17-32.
Raikow, R. J. 1987. Hindlimb myology and evolution of the Old World suboscine passerine birds (Acanthisittidae, Pittidae, Philepittidae, Eurylaimidae). Ornithol. Monogr. 41.
Sherley, G. 1989. Benefits of courtship-feeding for rifleman (Acanthisitta chloris) parents. Behaviour 109:303-318.
Sherley, G. H. 1990. Co-operative breeding in riflemen (Acanthisitta chloris) benefits to parents, offspring and helpers. Behaviour 112:1-22.
Sibley, C. G., G. R. Williams & J. E. Ahlquist. 1982. The relationships of the New Zealand wrens (Acanthisittidae) as indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Emu 84:236-241.
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Corvida, Menuroidea: Old Australian endemics - 1
Lyre-birds and Scrub-birds
Bock, W. J. & M. H. Clench. 1985. Morphology of the noisy scrub-bird, Atrichornis clamosus (Passeriformes: Atrichornithidae): systematic relationships and summary. Rec. Australian Museum 37(3):243-254.
Christidis, L. & R. Schodde. 1991. Relationships of Australo-Papuan songbirds--protein evidence. Ibis 133:277-285. allozymes suggest that lyrebirds are sister group of all other oscines
Christidis, L., et al. 1996. Molecular perspectives on the phylogenetic affinities of lyrebirds (Menuridae) and treecreepers (Climacteridae). Austr. J. Zool. 44:215-222. (limited support for grouping Menura with treecreepers as in Sibley. Australo-Papuan radiation clearly the most divergent assemblage assemblage of oscines in morphology.)
Clench, M. H. 1985. Body pterylosis of Atrichornis, Menura, the 'corvid assemblage' and other possibly related passerines (Aves: Passeriformes). Rec. Australian Museum 37(3):115-142.
Clench, M. H. & G. T. Smith. 1985. Morphology of the noisy scrub-bird, Atrichornis clamosus (Passeriformes: Atrichornithidae): introduction, with remarks on plumage and systematic position. Records of the Australian Museum 37(3):111-114.
Feduccia, A. & S. L. Olson. 1982. Morphological similarities between the Menurae and the Rhinocryptidae, relict passerine birds of the southern hemisphere. Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. 366.
Lill, A. 1979. An assessment of male parental investment and pair bonding in the polygamous superb lyrebird. Auk 96:489-498.
Lill, A. 1986. Time-energy budgets during reproduction and the evolution of single parenting in the superb lyrebird. Austr. J. Zool. 34:351-371.
Raikow, R. J. 1985. Systematic and functional aspects of the locomotor system in the scrub-birds, Atrichornis, and lyrebirds, Menura (Passeriformes: Atrichornithidae and Menuridae). Rec. Australian Museum 37(3):211-228.
Rich, P. V., A. R. McEvey & R. F. Baird. 1985. Osteological comparison of the scrub-birds, Atrichornis, and lyrebirds, Menura (Passeriformes: Atrichornithidae and Menuridae). Rec. Australian Museum 37(3):165-191.
Sibley, C. G. 1974. The relationships of the lyrebirds. Emu 74:65-79.
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Borgia, G. 1985. Bower quality, number of decorations, and mating success in satin bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus): an experimental study. Anim. Behav. 33:266-271.
Borgia, G. 1986. Sexual selection in bowerbirds. Sci. Amer. 254:92-98.
Borgia, G. 1993. The cost of display in the non-resource based mating system of the satin bowerbird. Am. Nat. 141:729-743.
Borgia, G. 1995. Why do bowerbirds build bowers? Am. Sci. 83:542-550.
Borgia, G. 1995. Complex male display and female choice in the spotted bowerbird: specialized functions for different bower decorations. Anim. Behav. 49:291-301.
Borgia, G. & U. Mueller. 1992. Bower destruction, decoration stealing and female choice in the spotted bowerbird Chlamydera maculata. Emu 92:11-18.
Borgia, G. & D. C. Presgraves. 1998. Coevolution of elaborated male display traits in the spotted bowerbird: an experimental test of the threat reduction hypothesis. Anim. Behav. 56:1121-1128.
Borgia G., S. G. Pruett-Jones & M. A. Pruett-Jones. 1985. The evolution of bower building and the assessment of male quality. Z. Tierpsychol. 67:225-236.
Christidis, L. & Schodde, R. 1992. Relationships among the birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) and the bowerbirds and catbirds (Ptilonorhynchidae): protein evidence. Aust. J. Zool. 40:343-353.
Diamond, J. 1986. Animal art: variation in bower decorating style among male bowerbirds Amblyornis inornatus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:3042-3046.
Diamond, J. 1986. Biology of birds of paradise and bowerbirds. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17:17-37.
Diamond, J. 1987. Bower building and decoration by the bowerbird Amblyornis inornatus. Ethology 74:177-204.
Frith, C. B., G. Borgia & D. W. Frith. 1996. Courts and courtship behaviour of Archbold's bowerbird Archboldia papuensis in Papua New Guinea. Ibis 138:204-211.
Frith, C. B. & D. W. Frith. 1985. Parental care and investment in the tooth-billed bowerbird Scenopoeetes dentirostris (Ptilonorhynchidae). Aust. Bird Watcher 111:103-113.
Frith, C. B. & D. W. Frith. 1988. Discovery of nests and the egg of Archbold's bowerbird Archboldia papuensis (Ptilonorhynchidae). Aust. Bird Watcher 12:2351-257.
Frith, C. B. & D. W. Frith. 1990. Archbold's bowerbird Archboldia papuensis (Ptilonorhynchidae) uses plumes from King of Saxony bird of paradise Pteridophora alberti (Paradisaeidae) as bower decoration. Emu 90:136-136. (a male display of resource rarity as well as beauty)
Frith, C. B. & D. W. Frith. 1990. Nesting biology and relationships of the lesser melampitta Melampitta lugubris. Emu 90:65-73.
Frith, C. B. & D. W. Frith. 1993. Courtship display of the tooth-billed bowerbird Scenopoeetes dentirostris and its behavioural and systematic significance. Emu 93:120-136.
Frith, C. B. & D. W. Frith. 1994. The nesting biology of Archbold's bowerbird Archboldia papuensis and a review of that of other bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchidae). Ibis 136:153-160.
Frith, D. & Frith, C. 1991. Say it with bowers. Wildl. Conservation 94:74-83.
Gilliard, E. T. 1956. Bower ornamentation versus plumage characters in bowerbirds. Auk 73:450-451.
Gilliard, E. T. 1969. Birds of Paradise and Bower Birds. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson.
Kusmierski, R., G. Borgia & R. H. Crozier. 1993. Molecular information on bowerbird phylogeny and the evolution of exaggerated male characteristics. J. Evol. Biol. 6:737-752.
Kusmierski, R., G. Borgia, A. Uy & R. H. Crozier. 1997. Labile evolution of display traits in bowerbirds indicates reduced effects of phylogenetic constraint. Proc. R. Soc. London B 264:307-313. cyt-b, phylogeny does not match bower structure tree.
Pruett-Jones, M. A. & S. G. Pruett-Jones. 1982. Spacing and distribution of bowers in Macgregor's bowerbird (Amblyornis macgregoriae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 11:25-32.
Raikow, R. J., S. R. Borecky & S. L. Berman. 1979. The evolutionary re-establishment of a lost ancestral muscle in the bowerbird assemblage. Condor 81:203-206.
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Christidis, L., et al. 1996. Molecular perspectives on the phylogenetic affinities of lyrebirds (Menuridae) and treecreepers (Climacteridae). Austr. J. Zool. 44:215-222.
Noske, R. A. 1991. A demographic comparison of cooperatively breeding and non-cooperative treecreepers (Climacteridae). Emu 91:73-86.
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Corvida, Meliphagoidea: Old Australian Endemics - 2
Australian Fairy-wrens, Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and Pardalotes
Bell, H. L., & H. A. Ford. 1986. A comparison of the social organization of three syntopic species of Australian thornbill Acanthiza. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 19:381-392.
Brooker, M. G. & Brooker, L. C. 1987. Description of some neo-natal passerines in Western Australia. Corella 11:116-118.
Brown, R. J. & M. N. Brown. 1986. Nest-building behaviour of the yellow-rumped thornbill Acanthiza chrysorrhoa. Austr. Bird Watcher 11:218-223.
Christidis, L. & R. Schodde. 1991. Genetic differentiation in the white-browed scrubwren (Sericornis frontalis) complex (Aves: Acanthizidae). Austr. J. Zool. 39:709-718.
Christidis, L., R. Schodde & P. R. Baverstock. 1988. Genetic and morphological differentiation and phylogeny in the Australo-Papuan scrubwrens (Sericornis, Acanthizidae). Auk 105:616-629.
Dunn, P.O. & Cockburn, A. 1996. Evolution of male parental care in a bird with almost complete cuckoldry. Evolution 50:2542-2548.
Dunn, P.O. & Cockburn, A. 1998. Costs and benefits of extra-group paternity in superb fairy-wrens. in: Ornithol. Monogr. 49.
Edwards, S. V. & S. Naeem. 1993. The phylogenetic component of cooperative breeding in perching birds. Am. Nat. 141:754-789.
Ford, J. 1978. Conspecificity of the black-throated and fairy warblers. Emu 78:75-79.
Ford, J. 1981. Morphological and behavioural evolution in populations of the Gerygone fusca complex. Emu 81:57-81.
Joseph, L. & C. Moritz. 1993. Hybridisation between the white-browed and Atherton scrubwrens: detection with mitochondrial DNA. Emu 93:93-99.
Joseph, L. & C. Moritz. 1993. Phylogeny and historical aspects of the ecology of eastern Australian scrubwrens: evidence from mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Ecology 2:161-170.
Magrath, R.D. & Whittingham, L.A. 1997. Subordinate males are more likely to help if unrelated to the breeding female in cooperatively breeding white-browed scrubwrens. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 41:185-192.
Mulder, R. A. & A. Cochburn. 1993. Sperm competition and the reproductive anatomy of male superb fairy-wrens. Auk 110:588-593.
Mulder, R. A., Dunn, P. O., Cockburn, A., Lazenby-Cohen, K. A., Howell, M. J. 1994. Helpers liberate female fairy-wrens from constraints on extra-pair choice. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B, 255:223-229.
Mulder, R. A. & Langmore, N. E. 1993. Dominant males punish helpers for temporary defection in superb fairy-wrens. Anim. Behav. 45:830-833.
Payne, R. B., L. L. Payne & I. Rowley. 1985. Splendid wren Malurus splendens response to cuckoos: an experimental test of helping and social organization in a communal bird. Behaviour 94:108-127.
Payne, R. B., L. L. Payne & I. Rowley. 1988. Kin and social relationships in splendid fairy-wrens: recognition by song in a cooperative bird. Anim. Behav. 36:1341-1351.
Rowley, I. 1981. The communal way of life in the splendid wren, Malurus splendens. Z. Tierpsychol. 55:228-267.
Rowley, I. & E. Russell. 1997. Fairy-Wrens and Grasswrens. Bird Families of the World, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
Rowley, I., E. Russell, R. Brown & M. Brown. 1988. The ecology and breeding biology of the red-winged fairy-wren, Malurus elegans. Emu 88:161-176.
Schodde, R. 1982. The Fairy-wrens. Melbourne: Lansdowne.
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1985. The phylogeny and classification of the Australo-Papuan birds. Emu 85:1-14.
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1987. The relationships of four species of New Zealand passerine birds. Emu 87:63-66. (Finschia, Mohoua, Bowdleria)
Smith, G. T. 1987. Observations on the biology of the western bristlebird Dasyornis longirostris. Emu 87:111-118.
Whittingham, L.A. & Dunn, P.O. 1998. Male parental effort and paternity in a variable mating system. Anim. Behaviour 55:629-640.
Whittingham, L.A., Dunn, P.O. & Magrath, R.D. 1997. Relatedness, polyandry and extra-group mating in the cooperatively-breeding white-browed scrub-wren (Sericornis frontalis). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 40:261-270.
Whittingham, L.A. & Lifjeld, J.T. 1995. High parental investment in unrelated young: extra-pair paternity and male parental care in house martins. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 37:103-108.
Woinarski, J. 1985. Foliage gleaners of the treetops, the pardalotes. In Birds of Eucalypt Forests and Woodlands: Ecology, Conservation, Management. pp. 165-175. Ed. A. Keast, H.F. Recher, H. A. Ford, and D. Saunders. RAOU and Surrey Beatty, Sydney.
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Bock, W. J. & E. Morioka. 1971. Morphology and evolution of the ectethmoid-mandibular articulation in the Meliphagidae (Aves). J. Morph. 135:13-50.
Castro, I., E. O. Minot, R. A. Fordham & T. R. Birkhead. 1996. Polygynandry, face-to-face copulation and sperm competition in the hihi Notiomystis cincta (Aves: Meliphagidae). Ibis 138:765-771. = stitchbird
Clarke, M. F. 1988. The reproductive behaviour of the bell miner, Manorina melanophrys. Emu 88:88-100.
Clarke, M. F. 1989. The pattern of helping in the bell miner (Manorina melanophrys). Ethology 80:292-306.
Craig, J. L. & M. E. Douglas. 1984. Temporal partitioning of a nectar resource in relation to competitive asymmetries. Anim. Behav. 32:624-625. (Anthornis melanura, New Zealand).
Deignan, H. G. 1958. The systematic position of the bird genus Apalopteron. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 108:133-136.
Diamond, J., S. L. Pimm, M. E. Gilpin & M LeCroy. 1989. Rapid evolution of character displacement in myzomelid honeyeaters. Am. Nat. 134:675-708.
Dow, D. D. 1978. Reproductive behavior of the noisy miner, a communally breeding honeyeater. Living Bird 16:163-185.
Ford, H. A. 1989. Ecology of Birds, an Australian Perspective. Australian Ecology Series. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, New South Wales. (review of honeyeaters, feeding and pollination behavior and ecology)
Franklin, .C., I.J. Smales, B.R. Quin & P.W. Menkhorst. 1999. Annual cycle of the helmeted honeyeater Lichenostomus melanops cassidix, a sedentary inhabitant of a predictble environment. Ibis 141:256-268. overlap of breeding and molt, and a rapid primary molt.
Higuchi, H., M. Nakane & A. Suzuki. 1984. Some notes on the ecology and behavior of the Bonin Islands honeyeater Apalopteron familiare. Tori 33:68-73.
Hopper, S. D. & A. H. Burbidge. 1986. Speciation of bird-pollinated plants in south-western Australia, pp. 20-31. In: The Dynamic Partnership: Birds and Plants in southern Australia. Ed. H. A. Ford and D. C. Paton. Govt. Printer, Adelaide. (experiments on flower seed set when birds are excluded as pollinators)
Immelmann, K. 1961. Beiträge zur Biologie und Ethologie australischer Honigfresser (Meliphagidae). J. Ornithol. 102:164-207.
Jurisevic, M. A. & K. J. Saunderson. 1994. The vocal repertoires of six honeyeater (Meliphagidae) species from Adelaide, South Australia. Emu 94:141-148.
Keast, J. A. 1976. The origins of adaptive zone utilizations and adaptive radiations, as illustrated by the Australian Meliphagidae. Proc. XVI Int. Ornithol. Congr. (1974):71-82.
Ladley, J. J. & D. Kelly. 1995. Explosive New Zealand mistletoe. Nature 378:766.
Longmore, N. W. & W. E. Boles. 1983. Description and systematics of the Eungella honeyeater Meliphaga hindwoodi, a new species of honeyeater from central eastern Queensland, Australia. Emu 83:59-65.
Loyn, R. H., R. G. Runnals, G. Y. Forward, and J. Tyers. 1983. Territorial bell miners and other birds affecting populations of insect prey. Science 221:1411-1413.
Paton, D.C. & Collins, B.G. 1989. Bills and tongues of nectar-feeding birds: a review of morphology, function and performance, with intercontinental comparsisons. Austr. J. Ecol. 14:473-506.
Poiani, A. 1993. Bell miners: what kind of 'farmers' are they? Emu 93:188-194.
Põldmaa, T., Montgomerie, R., & Boag, P.T. 1995. Mating system of the cooperatively breeding noisy miner Manorina melanocephala as revealed by DNA profiling. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 37:137-143.
Pyke, G. H., M. Christy & R. E. Major. 1996. Territoriality in honeyeaters: reviewing the concept and evaluating available information. Austr. J. Zool. 44:297-317.
Reid, N. 1989. Dispersal of mistletoes by honeyeaters and flowerpeckers: components of seed dispersal quality. Ecology 70:137-145.
Richardson, K. C., and R. D. Wooller. 1986. The structures of the gastro-intestinal tracts of honeyeaters and other small birds in relation to their diets. Austr. J. Zool. 34:119-124.
Smith, A. J. & B. I. Robertson. 1978. Social organisation of bell miners. Emu 78:169-178.
Wooller, R. D. 1984. Bill shape and size in honeyeaters and other small insectivorous birds in Western Australia. Austr. J. Zool. 32:657-661.
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Corvida, Corvoidea: Australian Endemics
Australian Robins, Logrunners, and Babblers
Boles, W. E. 1989. The Robins and Flycatchers of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Sydney.
Butler, D & Merton, D. 1993. The Black Robin: Saving the World's Most Endangered Bird. Oxford Univ. Press, Auckland. Petroica traversi £ 19.50. ISBN 0-19-558260-8
Counsilman, J. J. 1980. A comparison of two populations of the grey-crowned babbler (Part 2). Bird Behaviour 2:1-111.
Coventry, P. P. 1988. Notes on the breeding behaviour of the red-capped robin Petroica goodenovii. Austr. Bird Watcher 12:209-216.
Edwards, S. V. 1993. Mitochondrial gene genealogy and gene flow among island and mainland populations of a sedentary songbird, the grey-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus temporalis). Evolution 47:1118-1137.
Edwards, S. V. & A. C. Wilson. 1990. Phylogenetically informative length polymorphism and sequence variability in mitochondrial DNA of Australian songbirds (Pomatostomus). Genetics 126:695-711.
Ford, J. 1979. Speciation or subspeciation in the yellow robins? Emu 79:103-106.
Hobbs, J. N. 1986. Pink-breasted females in a population of red-capped robins Petroica goodenovii. Austr. Bird Watcher 11:15-152.
Olson, S. L. 1987. The relationships of the New Guinean ground-robins Amalocichla. Emu 87:247-248.
Parker, S. A. 1982. The relationships of the Australo-Papuan treecreepers and sitellas. S. Austr. Ornithol. 28:197-200.
Zusi, R. L. 1978. Notes on song and feeding behaviour of Orthonyx spaldingii. Emu 78:156-157. chowchilla
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Cracraft, J. 1989. Speciation and its ontology: the empirical consequences of alternative species concepts for understanding patterns and processes of differentiation, pp. 28-59, in Speciation and its Consequences, ed. by D. Otte and J. A. Endler. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass. (Quail-thrushes Cinclosoma)
Ford, J. 1970. Distribution of quail-thrushes in the Northern Territory and their taxonomic relations. Emu 70:135-139.
Ford, J. 1974. Taxonomic significance of some hybrid and aberrant-plumaged quail-thrushes. Emu 74:80-90.
Ford, J. 1976. Systematics and speciation in the quail-thrushes of Australia and New Guinea. Proc. 16th Internat. Ornithol. Congr. 542-556.
Ford, J. 1981. Geographical variation in Cinclosoma castanotum and its historical significance. Emu 81:185-192.
Ford, J. 1983. Evolutionary and ecological relationships between quail-thrushes. Emu 83:152-172.
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Heinsohn, R. G. 1987. Age-dependent vigilance in winter congregations of cooperatively breeding white-winged choughs Corcorax melanorhamphus. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 20:303-306.
Rowley, I. 1978. Communal activities among white-winged choughs Corcorax melanorhamphus. Ibis 120:178-197.
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Dumbacher, J. P., B. M. Beehler, T. F. Spande, H. M. Garraffo & J. W. Daly. 1992. Homobatrachotoxin in the genus Pitohui: chemical defense in birds? Science 258:799-801.
Ford, J. 1979. Subspeciation, hybridization and relationships in the little shrike-thrush Colluricincla megarhyncha of Australia and New Guinea. Emu 79:195-210.
Ford, J. 1980. Hybridization between contiguous subspecies of the varied sittella in Queensland. Emu 80:1-12.
Parker, S. A. 1982. The relationships of the Australo-Papuan treecreepers and sittellas. S. Austr. Ornithol. 28:197-200.
Short, L. L., R. Schodde & J. F. M. Horne. 1983. Five-way hybridization of varied sittellas Daphoenositta chrysoptera (Aves: Neosittidae) in Central Queensland. Austr. J. Zool. 31:499-516.
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Corvida, Corvoidea: Crows, Birds of Paradise, and Related Families
Crows and Jays
Balda, R. P. & J. H. Balda. 1978. The care of young pinõn jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephala) and their integration into the flock. J. Ornithol. 119:146-171.
Balda, R. P. & G. C. Bateman. 1972. Breeding biology of the pi ñon jay. Living Bird 11:5-42.
Birkhead, T. R. 1991. The Magpies, The Ecology and Behavior of Black-billed and Yellow-billed Magpies. Academic Press, New York.
Birkhead, T. R., K. Clarkson, M. D. Reynolds & W. D. Koenig. 1992. Copulation and mate guarding in the yellow-billed magpie Pica nuttalli and a comparison with the black-billed magpie P. pica. Behaviour 121:110-130. semi-colonial, but no higher EPC than P. pica
Bossema, I. 1979. Jays and oaks: an eco-ethological study of a symbiosis. Behaviour 70:1-117.
Brown, E. D. 1985. The role of song and vocal imitation among common crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). Z. Tierpsychol. 68:115-136.
Brown, J. L. 1987. Helping and Communal Breeding in Birds: Ecology and Evolution. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton.
Büchel, H. P. 1974. Beobachtungen über die winterliche Kulturfolge, die Brutbiologie sowie einige vermutlich angeborende Verhaltsensweisen der Alpendohle (Pyrrhocorax graculus). Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Luzern 24:72-94.
Büchel, H. P. 1983. Beiträge zum Sozialverhalten der Alpendohle Pyrrhocorax graculus. Ornithol. Beobacht. 80:1-28.
Chadwick, D. H. 1999. Ravens. National Geographic 195(1):100-115.
Cibois, A. & E. Pasquet. 1999. Molecular analysis of the phylogeny of 11 genera of the Corvidae. Ibis 141:297-306. Ptilostomus is a corvid, choughs are basal to other corvids, no analysis of Podoces, NW jays monophyletic.
Clayton, N. S. 1998. Memory and hippocampus in food-storing birds: a comparative approach. Neuropharmacology 37:441-452.
Clench, M. H. 1985. Body pterylosis of Atrichornis, Menura, the 'corvid assemblage' and other possibly related passerines (Aves: Passeriformes). Rec. Australian Museum 37(3):115-142. (Platylophus a starling; Podoces, Pseudopodoces & Ptilostomus probably not corvids either)
Coombs, F. 1978. The Crows, a Study of the Corvids of Europe. B. T. Batsford, London.
Cooper, J.H. 2000. First fossil record of azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus in Europe. Ibis 142:150-151. -- cave at Gibraltar, ca 44,000 years ago: so native in Iberia, not introduced by man from eastern Asia.
Ekman, J., Brodin, A., Bylin, A., Sklepkovych, B. 1996. Selfish long-term benefits of hoarding in the Siberian jay. Behav. Eol. 7:140-144. jay flocks contain kin associations, and contain immigrants not closely related. Study of whether jay offspring kept caches to themselves or showed kin bias. Recorded the retrieval of cached food using radio-markers of feather growth. Food caching was selfish, each bird retrieved its own cached food as 7x as often as any of its flock mates, no evidence for mutualistic sharing of caches among relatives.
Goodwin, D. 1976. Crows of the World. British Museum (Natural History), London.
Grimmett, R. 1991. Little-known Oriental bird: Biddulph's ground jay. Bull. Oriental Bird Club 13:26-29. Podoces biddulphi
Gwinner, E. 1964. Untersuchungen über das Ausdrucks- und Sozialverhalten des Kolkraben (Corvus corax L.). Z. Tierpsychol. 21:657-748.
Gwinner, E. 1965. Beobachtungen über Nestbau und Brutpflege des Kolkrabens (Corvus corax in Gefangenschaft. J. Ornithol. 106:145-178.
Gwinner, E. 1966. Über einige Bewegungsspiele des Kolkrabens (Corvus c. corax L.). Z. Tierpsychol. 23:28-36.
Gwinner, E. & J. Kneutzen. 1962. Über die biologische Bedeutung der "zweckdienlichen" Andwendung erlenter Laute bei Vogeln. Z. Tierpsychol. 19:692-696.
Hardy, J. W. 1969. A taxonomic revision of New World jays. Condor 71:360-375.
Hardy, J. W. 1984. Voices of the New World jays, crows, and their allies: family Corvidae. 33 rpm phonodisc, Ara records, Gainesville, Florida.
Hardy, J. W., T. A. Webber & R. J. Raitt. 1981. Communal social biology of the southern San Blas jay. Bull. Florida State Museum, Biol. Sci. 26:203-264.
Heinrich, B. 1988. Winter foraging at carcasses by three sympatric corvids, with emphasis on recruitment by the raven, Corvus corax. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 23:141-156.
Heinrich, B. 1989. Ravens in Winter. New York: Summit.
Heinrich, B. 1999. Mind of the Raven. HarperCollins, New York.
Heinrich, B. & J. W. Pepper. 1998. Influence of competitors on caching behavior in the comon raven, Corvus corax. Anim. Behav. 56:1083-1090.
Heinrich, B., D. Kaye, T. Knight & K. Schaumburg. 1994. Dispersal and association among common ravens. Condor 96:545-551.
Hope, S. 1989. Phylogeny of the avian family Corvidae. PhD thesis, New York. in WOS library, skeletons
Jollie, M. 1978. Phylogeny of the species of Corvus. The Biologist 60:73-108.
Kilham, L. 1989. The American crow and the common raven. Texas A&M Univ. Press, College Station, Texas. (cooperative breeding in crows, birds not color banded)
Krebs, J. R., N. S. Clayton, S. D. Healy, D. A. Cristol, S. W. Patel & A. R. Jolliffe. 1996. The ecology of the brain: food-storing and the hippocampus. Ibis 138:34-46.
Langen, T. A. 1996. The mating system of the white-throated magpie-jay Calocitta formosa and Greenwood's hypothesis for sex-biased dispersal. Ibis 138:506-513.
Lawton, M. F. & R. O. Lawton. 1985. The breeding biology of the brown jay in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Condor 87:192-204.
Ligon, J. D. 1974. Green cones of the piñon pine stimulate late summer breeding in the piñon jay. Nature 250:80-82.
Ligon, J. D. 1978. Reproductive interdependence of pinñon jays and piñon pines. Ecol. Monogr. 48:111-126.
Londei, Tiziano. 1998. Observations on Hume's groundpecker Pseudopodoces humilis. Forktail 14:74-75.
Madge, S. 1994. Crows and Jays: A Guide to the Crows, Jays, and Magpies of the World. Houghton Mifflin, New York.
Marzluff, J. & R. P. Balda. 1992. The Pinyon Jay, Behavioral Ecology of a Colonial and Cooperative Corvid. T. & A. D. Poyser, London.
Peterson, A. T. 1992. Phylogeny and rates of molecular evolution in the Aphelocoma jays (Corvidae). Auk 109:133-147.
Racine, R. N. & N. S. Thompson. 1983. Social organization of wintering blue jays. Behaviour 87:237-255.
Ratcliffe, D. 1997. The Raven, a natural history in Britain and Ireland. Academic Press, London.
Redondo, T. & F. Exposito. 1990. Structural variations in the begging calls of nestling magpies Pica pica and their role in the development of adult voice. Ethology 84:307-318.
Röehl, A. 1978. Social behaviour of the jackdaw, Corvus monedula, in relation to its niche. Behaviour 64:1-124.
Rowley, I. 1970. The genus Corvus (Aves: Corvidae) in Australia CSIRO Wildl. Res. 15:27-71.
Sitasuwan, N. & E. Thaler. 1985. Lautinventar und Verständigung ei Alpenkrähe (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax), Alpendohle (Pyrrhocorax graculus) und deren Hybriden. J. Ornithol. 126:181-193.
Thaler, E. & Sitasuwan, N. 1988. Etho-ökologische Untersuchungen an Alpenkrähen und Alpendohlen. Beih. Veröff. Naturschutz Landschaftspflege Bad.-Wurtt. 53:183-190.
Vander Wall, S. B. & R. Balda. 1977. Coadaptations of Clark's nutcracker and the piñon pine for efficient seed harvest and dispersal. Ecol. Monogr. 47:89-111.
Williams, D. A., M. F. Lawton & R. O. Lawton. 1994. Population growth, range expansion, and competition in the cooperatively breeding brown jay, Cyanocorax morio. Anim. Behav. 48:309-322.
Woolfenden, G. E. & J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1984. The Florida Scrub Jay. Princeton Univ. Press.
Zusi, R. L. 1987. A feeding adaptation of the jaw articulation in New World jays (Corvidae). Auk 104:665-680.
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Beehler, B. 1983. Frugivory and polygamy in the birds of paradise. Auk 100:1-12.
Beehler, B. 1985. Adaptive significance of monogamy in the trumpet manucode, Manucodia keraudrenii (Aves: Paradisaeidae). Ornithol. Monogr. 37:83-99.
Beehler, B. M. 1987. Birds of paradise and mating system theory--predictions and observations. Emu 87:78-89.
Beehler, B. M. 1988. Lek behavior of the Raggiana bird of paradise. Nat. Geogr. Res. 4:343-358.
Beehler, B. 1989. The birds of paradise. Sci. Amer., December 1989:116-123.
Beehler, B. & S. G. Pruett-Jones. 1983. Display dispersion and diet of birds of paradise: a comparison of nine species. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 13:229-238.
Bishop, K. D. 1992. The standardwing bird of paradise Semioptera wallacii (Paradisaeidae), its ecology, behaviour, status and conservation. Emu 92:72-78.
Bock, W. J. 1963. Relationships between the birds of paradise and the bowerbirds. Condor 65:91-125.
Clench, M. H. 1992. Pterylography of birds-of-paradise and the systematic position of Macgregor's bird-of-paradise (Macgregoria pulchra). Auk 109:923-928.
Christidis, L. & R. Schodde. 1992. Protein allozyme relationships among the birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) and the bowerbirds and catbirds (Ptilonorhynchidae). Aust. J. Zool. 40:343-353.
Christidis, L. & R. Schodde. 1993. Sexual selection for novel partners: a mechanism for accelerated morphological evolution in the birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae). Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 113:169-172.
Cooper, W. T. & J. M. Forshaw. 1977. The Birds of Paradise and Bowerbirds. Collins, Sydney.
Cracraft, J. 1992. The species of the birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae): applying the phylogenetic species concept to a complex pattern of diversification. Cladistics 8:1-43.
Diamond, J. 1972. Avifauna of the eastern highlands of New Guinea. Publ. Nuttall Ornithol. Club 12:1-438.
Diamond, J. 1986. Biology of birds of paradise and bowerbirds. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17:17-37.
Frith, C. B. 1992. Standardwing bird of paradise Semioptera wallacii displays and relationships, with comparative observations on displays of other Paradisaeidae. Emu 92:79-86.
Frith, C. B. 1994. Adaptive significance of tracheal elongation in manucodes (Paradisaeidae). Condor 96:552-555. review of tracheal elongation in birds
Frith, C. B. & B. E. Beehler. 1998. The Birds of Paradise: Paradisaeidae. Bird Families of the World 6. Oxford Univ. Press.
134:72-87.Laska, M. S., M. Hitchins, C. Sheppard, W. Worth, K. Hundgen & D. Bruning. 1992. Reproduction by captive unplumed male lesser bird of paradise Paradisaea minor: evidence for an alternative mating strategy? Emu 92:108-111.
LeCroy, M. K. 1981. The genus Paradisaea: display and evolution. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Novitates 2714:1-52.
Payne, R. B. 1984. Sexual selection, lek and arena behavior, and sexual size dimorphism in birds. Ornithol. Monogr. 33. (birds of paradise, other lek birds)
Pruett-Jones, S. G. & Pruett-Jones, M. A. 1986. Altitudinal distribution and seasonal activity patterns of birds of paradise. Nat. Geogr. Res. 2:87-105.
Pruett-Jones, S. G. & Pruett-Jones, M. A. 1988. A promiscuous mating system in the blue bird of paradise Paradisea rudolphi. Ibis 130:373-377.
Pruett-Jones, S. G. & Pruett-Jones, M. A. 1990. Sexual selection through female choice in Lawes' Parotia, a lek-mating bird of paradise. Evolution 44:486-501.
Schodde, R. 1976. Evolution in the birds-of-paradise and bowerbirds: a resynthesis. Proc. 16th Internat. Ornithol. Congr. 137-149.
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1987. The lesser melampitta is a bird of paradise. Emu 87:66-68. (Melampitta lugubris)
Stonor, C. R. 1938. Some features of the variation of the birds of paradise. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 108B:417-481.
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Australian Magpies, etc.: Cracticidae
Ames, J. E., F. H. Sheldon & C. G. Sheldon. 1984. The relationships of the Bornean bristlehead (Pityriasis gymnocephala) and the black-collared thrush (Chlamydochaera jefferyi). J. Ornithol. 125:129-140.
Brown, E. D., and C. J. Veltman. 1986. Ethogram of the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) in comparison to other Cracticidae and Corvus species. Ethology 76:309-333.
Veltman, C. J. 1989. Flock, pair and group living lifestyles without cooperative breeding by Australian magpies Gymnorhina tibicen. Ibis 131:601-608.
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Immelmann, K. 1966. Beobachtungen an Schwalbenstaren. J. Ornithol. 107:37-69.
McEvey, A. 1976. Osteological notes on Grallinidae, Cracticidae and Artamidae. In: Proc. XVI Internat. Ornithol. Congr., Canberra, 1976, 150-160.
McKean, J. L. 1969. The brush tongue of the Artamidae. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 89:129-130.
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Burton, P. J. K. 1974. Anatomy of the head and neck in the huia (Heteralocha acutirostris) with comparative notes on other Callaeidae. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist). Zoology 27(1):1-47.
Burton, P. J. K. 1974. Structure of the depressor mandibulae muscle in the kokako Callaeas cinerea. Ibis 115:138-140.
Jenkins, P. F. 1977. Cultural transmission of song patterns and dialect development in a free-living bird population. Anim. Behav. 25:50-78. Philesturnus (Creadion) carunculatus
Phillipps, W. J. 1963. The Book of the Huia. Whitcombe & Tombs, Christchurch.
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Orioles, Drongos, Cuckoo-shrikes, Fairy Bluebirds, and Leafbirds
Dunn, D. F. 1974. Zoogeography of the Irenidae (Aves: Passeres). Biotropica 6:165-174.
Immelmann, K. 1966. Notes on the breeding biology of the white-winged triller Lalage sueruii tricolor, Swainson, in north-western Australia. Emu 66:1-15.
Kraus, K. 1982. Ioras und Blattvögel. Monographie für Fachornithologen und Vogelpfleger. Biotropic-Verlag, Baden-Baden.
Marchant, S. 1979. Nesting of the cicadabird Coracina tenuirostris. Ibis 1212:80-84.
Urik, J. A. 1983. Anatomy and evolutionary relationships of the avian family Irenidae. PhD Diss., Univ. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Beven, G. & M. D. England. 1969. The impaling of prey by shrikes. Brit. Birds 62:192-199. (most impaling is by males, suggests a display function)
Cade, T. 1967. Ecological and behavioural aspects of predation by the northern shrike. Living Bird 6:43-86.
Eck, S. 1973. Intraspezifische Ausformungen im Flügel- und Schwanzbau bei Würger-formenkreiwen der Gattung Lanius (Aves, Laniidae). Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 32:75-119.
Grimes, L. G. 1980. Observations of group behaviour and breeding biology of the yellow-billed shrike Corvinella corvina. Ibis 122:166-192.
Harris, T. & G. Arnott. 1988. Shrikes of South Africa. Struik, Winchester, Cape Town. 224 pp.
Lefranc, N. & Worfolk. 1997. Shrikes: A Guide to the Shrikes of the World. Pica Press.
Miller, A. H. 1931. Systematic revision and natural history of the American shrikes. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 38:11-242.
Raikow, R. J., P. J. Polumbo & S.R. Borecky. 1980. Appendicular myology and relationships of the shrikes (Aves: Passeriformes: Laniidae). Ann. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. 49:131-152.
Yosef, R. & B. Pinshow. 1989. Cache size in shrikes influences female mate choice and reproductive success. Auk 106:418-421. (polygyny in the northern shrike, Lanius excubitor, in Israel)
Yosef, R. & F. E. Lohrer, eds. 1995. Shrikes (Laniidae) of the world: biology and conservation. Proc. Western Found. Vert. Zool. 6(1):1-343.
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Bush-shrikes and Helmet Shrikes
Hall, B. P., Moreau, R. E. & Galbraith, I. C. J. 1966. Polymorphism and parallelism in the African bush-shrikes of the genus Malaconotus (including Chlorophoneus). Ibis 108:161-182.
Klockenhoff, H. F. & J. Tendeiro. 1989. Three new species of the genus Myrsidea Waterston (Mallophaga, Menoponidae) parasitic on African shrikes (Aves, Laniidae). Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 40:23-283. genus recognized in Laniinae, Prionopinae (Prionops, !Eurocephalus), and Malaconotinae (Tchagra).
Mayr, E. 1943. What genera belong to the family Prionopidae? Ibis 85:216-218.
Prinzinger, R., P. Becker, J.-P. Kleim, W. Schroth & B. Schierwater. 1997. Der taxonomische Status von Laniarius dubiosus (Rchw. 1899) mit ergänzenden Daten zur Typusbeschriebung von Laniarius liberatus, Bulo Burti Boubou (Smith, Arctander, Fjeldså & Amir 1991). J. Ornithol. 138:283-294. Includes revised color plate of L. libertatus, from photos and video, and sonagrams.
Prinzinger, R., J.-P. Kleim, W. Schroth & B. Schierwater. 1997. DNA sequence analysis of mitochondrial cyt-b and the species status of Laniarius dubiosus (Rchw. 1899). J. Ornithol. 138:291-296. L. libertatus is distinct, in barbarus-aethiopicus complex; dubiosus is a form (juvenile) of L. luhderi. Cyt-b from museum specimen collected over 100 years ago, short sequences, ca 100-200 bp mean fragment size.
Smith, E. F. G., P. Arctander, J. Fjeldså & Osman Gedow Amir. 1991. A new species of shrike (Laniidae: Laniarius) from Somalia, verified by DNA sequence data from the only known individual. Ibis 133:227-236.
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Appert, O. 1968. La repartition geographique des vangides dans la region du Mangoky et la question de leur presence aux differentes epoques de l'annee. L'Oiseau et Rev. Franc. Ornithol. 38:6-19 (photos of vangids).
Appert, O. 1970. Zur Biologie der Vangawürger (Vangidae) südwest-Madagaskars. Ornithol. Beobacht. 67:101-133.
Benson, C. W., Colebrook-Robjent, J. F. R. & A. Williams. 1977. Contribution à l'ornithologie de Madagascar (parts 4 and 5). L'Oiseau et Rev. Franc. Ornithol. 47:451-64, 167-191.
Delacour, J. 1932. Les oiseaux de la mission zoologique Franco-Anglo-Americaine à Madagascar. L'Oiseau et Rev. Franc. Ornithol. 2:1-96.
Dorst, J. 1960. Les caractères de la scutellation du tarse chez les vangidés. L'Oiseau et Rev. Franc. Ornithol. 30:32-44.
Dorst, J. 1960. A propos des affinites systematiques de deux oiseaux Malgaches: Tylas eduardi et Hypositta corallirostra. L'Oiseau et Rev. Franc. Ornithol. 30:259-269.
Goodman, S.M. 1997. A new species of vanga (Vangidae, Calicalus) from southwestern Madagascar. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 117:5-10.
Morris, P. & Hawkins, F. 1998. Birds of Madagascar, a Photographic Guide. Yale University Press, New Haven.
Peters, D.S. 1996. Hypositta perdita n. sp., eine neue Vogelart aus Madagascar. Senckenbergiana Biological 76:7-14.
Yamagishi, S. & K. Eguchi. 1996. Comparative forging ecology of Madagascar vangids (Vangidae). Ibis 138:283-290.
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Flycatchers: Rhipiduridae, Monarchidae
Boles, W. E. 1979. The relationships of the Australo-Papuine flycatchers. Emu 79:107-110.
Dowsett-Lemaire, F. 1999. Hybridization in paradise flycatchers (Terpsiphone rufiventer, T. batesi and T. viridis) in Ondzala National Park, Northern Congo. Ostrich 70:123-126.
Ford, J. 1981. Evolution, distribution and stage of speciation in the Rhipidura fuliginosa complex in Australia. Emu 81:128-144.
Goodman, S. M. & Schulenberg, T. S. 1991. The rediscovery of the red-tailed Newtonia Newtonia fanovanae in south-eastern Madagascar with notes on the natural history of the genus Newtonia. Bird Conservation International 1:33-45.
Harrison, C. J. O. 1969. Additional information on the carpometacarpal process as a taxonomic character. Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club 89:27-29.
Lawson, W. J. 1987. Systematics and evolution in the savanna species of the genus Batis (Aves) in Africa. Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 38(1):19-45.
Olson, S. L. 1980. Lamprolia as part of a South Pacific radiation of Monarchine flycatchers. Notornis 27:7-10.
Parker, S. A. 1964. Taxonomic position of the genus Culicicapa Swinhoe (Muscicapidae). Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 84:45-46.
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Avise, J. C., C. F. Aquadro & J. C. Patton. 1982. Evolutionary genetics of birds V. Genetic distances within Mimidae (mimic thrushes) and Vireonidae (vireos). Biochem. Genetics 20:95-104.
Barlow, J. C. 1995. Songs of the vireos and their allies--family Vireonidae: vireos, peppershrikes, shrike-vireos and greenlets, 2nd ed. cassette with accompanying scientific text, ARA 7. Ara Records, Gainesville, FL.
Barlow, J. C. & G. R. Bortolotti. 1988. Adaptive divergence in morphology and behavior in some New World island birds, with special reference to Vireo altiloquus. Acta XIX Congr. Internat. Ornithol., Ottawa:1535-1549.
Johnson, N. K. 1995. Speciation in vireos. I. Macrogeographic patterns of allozymic variation in the Vireo solitarius complex in the contiguous United States. Condor 97:920-934.
Johnson, N. K., R. M. Zink & J. A. Marten. 1988. Genetic evidence for relationships in the avian family Vireonidae. Condor 90:428-445.
Murray, B. W., W. B. McGillivray, J. C. Barlow, R. N. Beech & C. Strobeck. 1994. The use of cytochrome b sequence variation in estimation of phylogeny in the Vireonidae. Condor 96:1037-1054.
Olson, S. L. 1994. The endemic vireo of Fernando de Noronha (Vireo gracilirostris). Wilson Bull. 106:1-17.
Orenstein, R. I. & J. C. Barlow. 1981. Variation in the jaw musculature of the avian family Vireonidae. Life Sci. Contrib. Royal Ontario Museum 128.
Salaman, P. G. W. & F. G. Stiles. 1996. A distinctive new species of vireo (Passeriformes, Vireonidae) from the Western Andes of Colombia. Ibis 138:610-619. Vireo masteri
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1982. The relationships of the vireos (Vireoninae) as indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Wilson Bull. 94:114-128.
Sutton, G. M. 1949. Studies of the nesting birds of the E. S. George Reserve, part 1, the vireos. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 74.
Willis, E. O. 1991. Sibling species of greenlets (Vireonidae) in southern Brazil. Wilson Bull. 103:559-567. Hylophilus
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Waxwings, Silky Flycatchers, Hypocolius, and Palm Chat
Bunni, M. K. & H. Y. Siman. 1979. Pair formation and courtship activities in grey hypocolius, Hypocolius ampelinus Bonaparte. Bull. Nat. Hist. Res. Centre, Univ. Baghdad 7(3):73-82.
Levey, D. J. 1992. Consequences of a fruit diet. Pp 109-114, in W. Barthlott, C. M. Naumann, K. Schmidt-Loeske & K. L. Schuchmann, eds. Animal-plant interactions in tropical environments. Zool.Forschungsinstitute und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn.
Levey, D. J. & G. E. Duke. 1992. How do frugivores process fruit? Gastrointestinal transit and glucose absorption in cedar waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum). Auk 109:722-730.
Levey, D. J. & A. Grajal. 1991. Evolutionary implications of fruit-processing limitations in cedar waxwings. Amer. Nat. 138:171-189.
Mauersberger, G. 1992. Biological notes on the palm chat Dulus dominicus (L.). Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 68, Suppl. Ann Ornithol. 16:125-133.
Sibley, C. G. 1973. The relationships of the silky flycatchers. Auk 90:394-410.
Symens, P. 1992. Grey hypocolius in Arabia. Dutch Birding 14:144-146. good color photos
Walsberg, G. E. 1975. Digestive adaptations of Phainopepla nitens associated with the eating of mistletoe berries. Condor 77:169-174.
Walsberg, G. E. 1978. Ecology and energetics of contrasting social systems in Phainopepla nitens (Aves: Ptilogonatidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 108.
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Flycatchers and Thrushes: Muscicapidae, Turdidae
Ames, P. L. 1975. The application of syringeal morphology to the classification of the Old World insect eaters (Muscicapidae). Bonn Zool. Beitr. 26:107-134.
Avise, J. C., J. C. Patton & C. F. Aquadro. 1980. Evolutionary genetics of birds I. Relationships among North American thrushes and allies. Auk 97:135-157.
Erard, C. 1987. Ecologie et comportement des gobe-mouches (Aves: Muscicapinae, Platysteirinae, Monarchinae) du Nord-est du Gabon. vol. 1. Morphologie des espèces et organisation du peuplement. Mem. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat., Zoologie, Tome 138.
Ford, J. 1983. Speciation in the ground-thrush complex Zoothera dauma in Australia. Emu 83:141-151.
Komdeur, J. 1996. Breeding of the Seychelles magpie robin Copsychus sechellarum and implications for its conservation. Ibis 138:485-498.
Lundberg, A. & R. V. Alatalo. 1992. The Pied Flycatcher. T & A D Poyser, London.
Ouellet, H. 1993. Bicknell's thrush: taxonomic status and distribution. Wilson Bull. 105:545-572. Catharus bicknelli
Sangster, G. 1996. Stonechat systematics based on molecular distance data. Dutch Birding 18:133-136. argues against use of molecular distance as index of taxonomic status
Simms, E. 1978. British Thrushes. New Naturalist, Collins, London.
Snow, B. & D. W. Snow. 1988. Birds and Berries. T & A D Poyser, Calton, England.
Tegelstrom, H. & H. P. Gelter. 1990. Haldane's rule and sex biassed gene flow between two hybridizing flycatcher species (Ficedula albicollis and F. hypoleuca, Aves: Muscicapidae). Evolution 44:2012-2021.
Tye, A. 1989. Vocalizations and territoriality by wheatears Oenanthe spp. in winter quarters. Proc. 6th Pan-African Ornithol. Congr., Francistown, 1984.
Tye, A. 1989. The systematic position of the buff-streaked chat (Oenanthe / Saxicola bifasciata). Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 109:53-58.
Tye, A. 1990. Superspecies in the genus Oenanthe (Aves, Turdidae). Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 40:165-182.
Vaurie, C. 1953. A generic revision of flycatchers of the tribe Muscicapini. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 100(4):453-538.
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Aschoff, J. 1981. Thermal conductance in mammals and birds: its dependence on body size and circadian phase. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 69:611-619. Dipper Cinclus mexicanus has lower conductance than estimated on body size
Bezzel, E. & M. Gorner, Eds. 1995. Dippers and riverine birds. Acta Ornithoecol., Jena 3. 10 papers on dippers.
Hewson, R. 1967. Territory, behaviour and breeding of the dipper in Banffshire. Brit. Birds 60:244-252.
Howard, H. 1957. A new species of passerine bird from the Miocene of California. Los Angeles County Museum, Contrib. in Science 9:1-16. Palaeoscinis turdirostris
Tyler, S. & S. Omerod. 1994. The Dippers. Academic Press, London.
Price, F. E. & C. E. Bock. 1973. Polygyny in the dipper. Condor 75:457-486.
Richter, H. 1954. Zur Mauser der Wasseramsel, Cinclus c. aquaticus. Beitr. z. Vogelkunde 3:251-258.
Sullivan, J. O. 1965. "Flightlessness" in the dipper. Condor 67:535-536.
Sunquiste, M. E. 1976. Territory size and nesting habits of brown dippers Cinclus pallasii. Ibis 118:577-579.
Tyler, S. & S. Ormerod. 1994. The Dipper. Academic Press, New York.
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Curry, R. L. 1988. Group structure, within-group conflict and reproductive tactics in cooperatively breeding Galápagos mockingbirds, Nesomimus parvulus. Anim. Behav. 36:1708-1728.
Curry, R. L. 1988. Influence of kinship on helping behavior in Galápagos mockingbirds. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22:141-152.
Gulledge, J. L. 1975. A study of phenetic and phylogenetic relationships among the mockingbirds, thrashers and their allies. PhD thesis, City Univ. New York. Univ. Microfilms 75-21328.
Storer, R. W. 1989. Geographic variation and sexual dimorphism in the tremblers (Cinclocerthia) and white-breasted thrasher (Ramphocinclus). Auk 106:249-258.
Zusi, R. L. 1969. Ecology and adaptations of the trembler on the island of Dominica. Living Bird 8:137-164.
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Baker, A. J. & A. Moeed. 1979. Evolution in the introduced New Zealand populations of the common myna, Acridotheres tristis (Aves: Sturnidae). Can. J. Zool. 57:570-584.
Baker, A. J. & A. Moeed. 1987. Rapid genetic differentiation and founder effect in colonizing populations of common mynas (Acridotheres tristis). Evolution 41:525-538.
Beecher, W. J. 1978. Feeding adaptations and evolution in the starlings. Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci. 11:269-298.
Craig, A.J.F.K. 1997. A phylogeny for the African starlings (Sturnidae). Ostrich 68:114-117.
Craig, A.J.F.K. & Hartley, A.H. 1985. The arrangement and structure of feather melanin granules as a taxonomic character in African starlings (Sturnidae). Auk 102:629-632.
Dean, W. R. J. & C. J. Vernon. 1988. Notes on the white-winged babbling starling Neocichla gutturalis in Angola. Ostrich 59:39-40.
Feare, C. & Craig, A. 1999. Starlings and Mynahs. Christopher Helm / Princeton.
Kraus, K. 1985. Beobachtungen zum Verhalten und zur Brutbiologie des Schmalschnabelstar (Scissirostrum dubium Latham, 1802). Trochilus 6:71-79. captive breeding behavior.
Litovich, E. & H. W. Power. 1992. Parent-offspring conflict and its resolution in the European starling. Ornithol. Monogr. 47.
Merkel, F. W. 1978. Sozialverhalten von individuell markierten Staren- Sturnus vulgaris- in einer kleinen Nistkastenkolonie (l. Mitteilung). Gruppenbild um einen Sarenmann. Luscinia 43:161-181.
Ross, H. A. & A. J. Baker. 1982. Variation in the size and shape of introduced starlings, Sturnus vulgaris (Aves: Sturnidae), in New Zealand. Can. J. Zool. 60:3316-3325.
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1984. The relationships of the starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnini) and the mockingbirds (Sturnidae: Mimini). Auk 101:230-243.
Sontag, W. A. 1985. Song and courtship of the wattled starling Creatophora cinerea. Malimbus 7:129-134.
Sontag, W. A. 1985. Zur Funktion des Gesangs bei Sturniden (Staren). Luscinia 45:181-200.
Wilkinson, R. 1982. Social organization and communal breeding in the chestnut-bellied starling (Spreo pulcher). Anim. Behav. 30:1118-1128.
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Passerida, Sylvioidea: Old World Warblers and Allies
Swallows
Brooke, R. K. 1972. Generic limits in Old World Apodidae and Hirundinidae. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 92:53-57.
Brown, C. R. 1984. Laying eggs in a neighbor's nest: benefit and cost of colonial nesting in swallows. Science 224:518-519.
Brown, C. R. & M. B. Brown. 1996. Coloniality in the Cliff Swallow, The Effect of Group Size on Social Behavior. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago.
Brown, C. R. & M. B. Brown. 1998. Intense natural selection on body size and wing and tail asymmetry in cliff swallows during severe weather. Evolution 52:1461-1475.
Martin, R. F. 1980. Analysis of hybridization between the hirundinid genera Hirundo and Petrochelidon in Texas. Auk 97:148-159.
Mayr, E. & J. Bond. 1943. Notes on the generic classification of the swallows, Hirundinidae. Ibis 1943:334-343.
Møller, A. P. 1994. Sexual Selection and the Barn Swallow. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
Møller, A. P. & J. P. Swaddle. 1998. Asymmetry, Developmental Stability, and Evolution. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. see review, Evolution, 1988, 52:1872-1876: Møller as a cheat, plagiarist, and unreliable source.
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1982. The relationships of the swallows (Hirundinidae). J. Yamashina Inst. Ornithol. 14:122-131.
Sheldon, F. H. & D. W. Winkler. 1993. Intergeneric phylogenetic relationships of swallows estimated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Auk 110:798-824.
Thonglongya, K. 1968. A new martin of the genus Pseudochelidon from Thailand. Thai Natl. Sci. Pap., Fauna Ser. no. 1:1-10.
Turner, A. & C. Rose. 1989. A Handbook to the Swallows and Martins of the World. Christopher Helm, U. K.
Winkler, D. W. & F. H. Sheldon. 1993. The evolution of nest construction in swallows (Hirundinidae): a molecular phylogenetic perspective. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90:5705-5707.
Winkler, D. W. & F. H. Sheldon. 1994. Phylogenetic hierarchy in character variability and its causes: lessons from character-state distributions in swallows, Hirundinidae. J. Ornithol. 135:342 (abstract).
Zusi, R. L. 1977. Remarks on the generic allocation of Pseudochelidon sirintarae. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 98:13-15.
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Ash, J. S. 1991. The grey-necked picathartes Picathartes oreas and Ibadan malimbe Malimbus ibadanensis in Nigeria. Bird Conservation International 1:93-106.
Byers, Clive & Robson, Craig. in prep. Babblers of the World.
Eames, J. C., Le Trong Trai, N. Cu & R. Eve. 1999. New species of barwing Actinodura (Passeriformes: Sylviinae, Timaliini) from the western highlands of Vietnam. Ibis 141:1-10.
van den Elzen, R. 1977. Die Lautäußerungen der Bartmeise, Panurus biarmicus, als Informationssystem. Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 28:304-323.
Lowe, W. P. 1938. Some anatomical and other notes on the systematic position of the genus Picathartes, together with some remarks on the families Sturnidae and Eulabetidae. Ibis 1938:254-269. (starling)
Lundy, K.J., Parker, P.G. & Zahavi, A. 1998. Reproduction by subordinates in cooperatively breeding Arabian babblers is uncommon but predictable. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 43:173-180. alpha male, 95% of offspring; beta male, 5%, in groups where beta recently immigrated. alpha female, 99.5% of offspring.
Martens, J. & S. Eck. 1991. Pnoepyga immaculata n. sp., eine neue bodenbewohnende Timalie aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. J. Ornithol. 132:179-198. color plate
Rand, A. L. 1967. The flower-adapted tongue of a timaliine bird and its implications. Fieldiana, Zoology, 51:53-61. Myzornis
Ripley, S. D. & B. M. Beehler. 1985. A revision of the babbler genus Trichastoma and its allies (Aves: Timaliinae). Ibis 127:495-509.
Sax, A., Hoi, H. & Birkhead, T.R. 1998. Copulation rate and sperm use by female bearded tits, Panurus biarmicus. Anim. Behav. 56:1199-1204.
Severinghaus, L. L. 1987. Social behavior of the vinous-throated parrotbill during the non-breeding season. Bull. Inst. Zool. Acad. Sinica 26:231-243. -- Paradoxornis webbianus, Taiwan, color-banded population, flocks with no social hierarchy, some exchanges between flocks.
Sibley, C. G. 1973. The relationships of Picathartes. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 93:23-25.
Simmons, K. E. L. 1963. Some behaviour characters in the babblers. Avicult. Mag. 69:183-193.
Thompson, H. S. S. 1993. Status of white-necked picathartes--another reason for the conservation of the Peninsula Forest, Sierra Leone. Oryx 27:155-158.
Wright, J. 1997. Helping-at-the-nest in Arabian babblers: signalling social status or sensible investment in chicks? Animal Behaviour 54:1439-1448. -- no evidence for status signalling as suggested by Zahavi
Zahavi, A. 1990. Arabian babblers: the quest for social status in a cooperative breeder. In: Stacey, P.B. & Koenig, W.D. (eds.). Cooperative Breeding in birds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 103-130.
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Allan, G., W. R. Tarboton, R. J. Filmer & J. Bassi. 1988. Breeding of the broadtailed warbler in South Africa. Ostrich 59:137. Schoenicola brevirostris
Alström, P. & U. Olsson. 1990. Taxonomy of the Phylloscopus proregulus complex. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 110:38-43. playback of songs indicates P. proregulus and P. chloronotus (incl. simlaensis) are distinct species.
Alstrom, P. & U. Olsson. 1992. On the taxonomic status of Phylloscopus affinis and Phylloscopus subaffinis. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 112:111-125. color photos
Alström, P. & U. Olsson. 1994. Identification of Tickell's and buff-throated warblers. Dutch Birding 16:89-94. Phylloscopus affinis & P. subaffinis
Alström, P. & U. Olsson. 1995. A new species of Phylloscopus warbler from Sichuan Province, China. Ibis 137:459-468. Phylloscopus emeiensis
Alström, P. & U. Olsson. 1999. The golden-spectacled warbler: a complex of sibling species, including a previously undescribed species. Ibis 151:545-568.
Alström, P., P. R. Colston & U. Olsson. 1990. Description of a possible new species of leaf warbler of the genus Phylloscopus from China. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 110:43-47.
Alström, P., U. Olsson & P. R. Colston. 1992. A new species of Phylloscopus warbler from central China. Ibis 134:329-334. Phylloscopus sichuanensis, Chinese Leaf Warbler
Alström, P., S. D. Ripley & P. C. Rasmussen. 1993. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of Phylloscopus subaffinis arcanus. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 113:207-209. synonym of Cettia f. flavilovacea
Appert, O. 1997. (Distribution and biology of the Newtonias (Newtonia, Sylviidae) in the Mangoky region, southwest Madagascar.) Ornithol. Beob. 94:39-52. breeding biology and photos
Ash, J. S., D. J. Pearson, G. Nikolaus & P. R. Colston. 1989. The mangrove reed warblers of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coasts, with description of a new subspecies of the African reed warbler Acrocephalus baeticatus. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 109:36-43.
Becker, P. 1977. Verhalten auf Lautäusserungen der Zwillingsart, interspezifische Territorialität und Habitansprüche von Winter- und Sommergoldhähnchen (Regulus regulus, R. ignicapillus). J. Ornithol. 118:233-260.
Becker, P. & H. Lütgens. 1976. Sumpfrohrsänger (Acrocephalus palustris) in Südwestafrika. Madoqua 9:41-44. (winter songs mimic European species that do not extend to southern Africa: do not say yearlings do this (as indicated in BWP 6)
Berthold, P. 1988. The biology of the genus Sylvia--a model and a challenge for Afro-European co-operation. Tauraco 1:3-28.
Berthold, P. 1988. Evolutionary aspects of migratory behavior in European warblers. J. Evol. Biol. 1:195-209.
Berthold, P. & U. Querner. 1981. Genetic basis of migratory behavior in European warblers. Science 212:77-79.
Berthold, P. & U. Querner. 1982. Genetic basis of moult, wing length, and body weight in a migratory bird species, Sylvia atricapilla. Experientia 38:801-802.
Chappuis, C. & C. Erard. 1991. A new cisticola from west-central Africa. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 111:59-70. Cisticola dorsti, separated from C. ruficeps by song and tail length
Chappuis, C., C. Erard & G. J. Morel. 1993. Morphology, habitat, vocalizations and distribution of the river prinia Prinia fluviatilis Chappuis. Proc. 7th Pan African Ornithol. Congr. Nairobi.
Dowsett-Lemaire, F. & R. J. Dowsett. 1987. European reed and marsh warblers in Africa: migration patterns, moult and habitat. Ostrich 58:65-85.
Dowsett-Lemaire, F. & R. J. Dowsett. 1987. European and African reed warblers, Acrocephalus scirpaceus and A. baeticatus: vocal and other evidence for a single species. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 107:74-85.
Erard, C. & M. Salomon. 1989. Essai de caractérisation morphologique du Pouillot véloce ibérique Phylloscopus collybita brehmii (Homeyer). L'Oiseau R. F. O. 59:26-44.
Goodman, S.M., O. Langrand, & B. M. Whitney. 1996. A new genus and species of passerine from the eastern rain forest of Madagascar. Ibis 138:153-159.
Gyllenstein, U. B., S. Jakobsson & H. Temrin. 1990. No evidence for illegitimate young in monogamous and polygynous warblers. Nature 343:168-170.
Heinrich, B. 1993. Kinglet's realm of cold: to survive New England winters, tiny birds must be fuel efficient. Nat. Hist. 102:4-8.
Helbig, A. J., J. Martens, I. Seibold, F. Hennig, B. Schottler & M. Wink. 1996. Phylogeny and species limits in the Palaearctic chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita complex: mitochondrial genetic differentiation and bioacoustic evidence. Ibis 138:650-666.
Holyoak, D. T. 1978. Variable albinism of the flight feathers as an adaptation for recognition of individual birds in some Polynesian populations of Acrocephalus warblers. Ardea 66:112-117.
Keast, J. A. 1956. Variation in the genus Megalurus. Proc. Roy. Zool. Soc. NSW. 1954-55:25-28.
Kelsey, M. G. 1989. A comparison of the song and territorial behaviour of a long-distance migrant, the marsh warbler Acrocephalus palustris, in summer and winter. Ibis 131:403-414.
King, B. 1989. The avian genera Tesia and Urosphena. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 109:162-166.
Komdeur, J., I. D. Bullock & M. R. W. Rands. 1991. Conserving the Seychelles warbler Acrocephalus sechellensis by translocation: a transfer from Cousin Island to Aride Island. Bird Conservation International 1:177-185.
Koskimies, P. 1984. Polygyny in Blyth's reed warbler. Ann. Zool. Fennici 21:239-242.
Leisler, B. & Catchpole, C.K. 1992. The evolution of polygamy in European reed warblers of the genus Acrocephalus: a comparative approach. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 3(4):225-243.
Leisler, B., P. Heidrich, K. Schulze-Hagen & M. Wink. 1997. Taxonomy and phylogeny of reed warblers (genus Acrocephalus) based on mtDNA sequences and morphology. J. Ornithol. 138:469-496. cyt-b, A. baeticatus falls within A. scirpaceus populations. Hippolais caligata and pallida fall within Acrocephalus, while H. icterina falls outside. Cisticola is a warbler (between Acrocephalus and copus collybita. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutionsforsch. 20:82-100.
Martens, J., M. Päckert, A. A. Nazarenko, O. Valchuk & N. Kawaji. 1998. Comparative bioacoustics of territorial song in the goldcrest (Regulus regulus) and its implications for the intrageneric phylogeny of the genus Regulus (Aves: Passeriformes: Regulidae). Zoologische Abhandlung Statliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden 50(7):99-128.
Martens, J., Eck, S., Päckert, M. & Yue-Hua Sun. 1999. The golden-spectacled warbler Seicercus burkii -- a species swarm (Aves: Passeriformes: Sylviidae), part 1. Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden 50(18):281-327.
Moore, A. 1983. A Field Guide to the Warblers of Britain and Europe. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
Olsson, U., P. Alström & P. R. Colston. 1993. A new species of Phylloscopus from Hainan Island, China. Ibis 135:1-7. P. hainanus
Orenstein, R. I. & H. D. Pratt. 1983. The relationships and evolution of the southwest Pacific warbler genus Vitia and Psamathia (Sylviinae). Wilson Bull. 95:184-198. cf. Cettia
Parmenter, T. & C. Byers. 1991. A Guide to the Warblers of the Western Palaearctic, pp. 143. Uxbridge: Bruce Colman Books. review, Ibis 136:118-119.
Price, T.D., Helbig. A.J. & Richman, A.D. 1997. Evolution of breeding distributions in the Old World leaf warblers (genus Phylloscopus). Evolution 51:552-561.
Richman, A. D. 1996. Ecological diversification and community structure in the Old World leaf warblers (genus Phylloscopus): a phylogenetic perspective. Evolution 50:2461-2470.
Richman, A. D. & T. Price. 1992. Evolution of ecological differences in the Old World leaf warblers. Nature 355:817-821. Phylloscopus PCR mtDNA sequence comparisons, Regulus, Cettia & Sylvia as outgroup, neighbor-joining method in PHYLIP
Salomon, M. 1987. Analyse d'une zone de contact entre deux formes parapatriques: le cas des pouillots véloces Phylloscopus c. collybita et P. c. brehmii. Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie) 42:377-420.
Sturmbauer, C., B. Berger, R. Dallinger & M. Föger. 1998. Mitochondrial phylogeny of the genus Regulus and implications on the evolution of breeding behavior in sylvioid songbirds. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 10:144-149.
Thaler, E. 1979. Das Aktionssystem von Winter-und Sommergoldhähnchen (Regulus regulus und R. ignicapillus) und deren ethologische Differenzierung. Bonn. Zool. Monogr. 12:1-151.
Thaler-Kottek, E. 1988. The genus Regulus as an example of different survival strategies: adaptation to habitat and etho-ecological differentiation. Acta XIX Congr. Internat. Ornithol., Ottawa:2007-2020.
Thaler-Kottek, E. 1988. Lebenskünstler Goldhähnchen. Biologie in unserer Zeit 18:33-39.
Thaler, E. 1989. Behavioural and ecological differentiation in kinglets. Long Point Bird Observatory Newsletter 21(3):6-7.
Thaler, E. 1990. Die Goldhähnchen. pp. 166. Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei no. 597. Wittenberg Lutherstadt: A. Ziemsen Verlag.
Wells, D. R. 1982. Biological species limits in the Cettia fortipes complex. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 102:57-62.
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Benson, C. W. & M. P. S. Irwin. 1975. The systematic position of Phyllastrephus orostruthus and Phyllastrephus xanthophrys, two species incorrectly placed in the family Pycnonotidae (Aves). Arnoldia, Rhodesia, 7(17):1-10.
Brosset, A. 1982. The social life of the African forest yellow-whiskered greenbul Andropadus latirostris. Z. Tierpsychol. 60:239-255.
Brosset, A. & C. Erard. 1986. Les oiseaux des régions forestières du nord-est du Gabon. Vol. 1. Ecologie et comportement des espèces. 297 pp. Soc. Nat. Protection de la Nature, Paris. (life history accounts of Central African birds, including bulbuls)
Dowsett, R. J., S. L. Olson, M. S. Roy & F. Dowsett-Lemaire. 1999. Systematic status of the black-collared bulbul Neolestes torquatus. Ibis 141:22-28.
Lloyd, P., A.J.F.K. Craig, P.E. Hulley, M. Faadiel Essop, P. Bloomer & T.M. Crowe. 1997. Ecology and genetics of hybrid zones in the southern African Pycnonotus bulbul species complex. Ostrich 68:90-96.
Louette, M. M. & Herremans, M. 1985. Taxonomy and evolution in the bulbuls (Hypsipetes) on the Comoro Islands. Proc. Int. Symp. African Vertebrates, Bonn: 407-424.
Olson, S. L. 1989. Preliminary systematic notes on some Old World passerines. Riv. Ital. Ornitol. 59:183-195. osteology indicates which genera are bulbuls, based on nostril and syrinx, see also review, J. Field Ornithol. 62:286.
Rand, A. L. 1958. Notes on African bulbuls. Fieldiana: Zoology 35:145-220. (Tylas)
Willis, E.O. 1983. Jays, mimids, icterids and bulbuls (Corvidae, Mimidae, Icteridae and Pycnonotidae) as ant-followers. Gerfaut 73:379-392.
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Craig, R. J. 1989. Observations on the foraging ecology and social behavior of the bridled white-eye. Condor 91:187-192. Zosterops conspicillatus
Degnan, S. M. & C. Moritz. 1992. Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA in two species of white-eyes in Australia. Auk 109:800-811.
Deignan, H. G. 1958. The systematic position of the bird genus Apalopteron. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 108:133-136.
Gill, F. B. 1970. Hybridization in Norfolk Island white-eyes (Zosterops). Condor 72:481-482.
Gill, F. B. 1971. Ecology and evolution of the sympatric Mascarene white-eyes, Zosterops borbonica and Zosterops olivacea. Auk 88:35-60.
Gill, F. B. 1973. Intra-island variation in the Mascarene white-eye, Zosterops borbonica. Ornithol. Mongr. 12.
Higuchi, H., M. Nakane & A. Suzuki. 1984. Some notes on the ecology and behavior of the Bonin Islands honeyeater Apalopteron familiare. Tori 33:68-73.
Kikkawa, J. 1987. Social relations and fitness in silvereyes. In: Animal Societies - Theories and Facts. (Eds. Y. Ito, J. L. Brown & J. Kikkawa), pp. 253-266. Japan Scientific Press (JSSP), Tokyo.
Kikkawa, J., J. N. M. Smith, R. Prys-Jones, P. Fisk & C. Catterall. 1986. Determinants of social dominance and inheritance of agonistic behaviour in an island population of silvereyes, Zosterops lateralis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 19:165-169.
Kikkawa, J. & J. M. Wilson. 1983. Breeding and dominance among the Heron Island silvereyes Zosterops lateralis chlorocephala. Emu 83:181-198.
Mayr, E. 1965. Relationships among Indo-Australian Zosteropidae. Breviora 228:1-6.
Mees, G. F. 1969. A systematic review of the Indo-Australian Zosteropidae (Part 3). Zool. Verh., Leiden 102:1-390.
Meyer de Schauensee, R., & J. E. du Pont. 1962. Birds from the Philippine Islands. Proc. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia 114:149-173. Hypocryptadius
Moreau, R. E. 1957. Variation in the western Zosteropidae (Aves). Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.) 4:311-433.
Moreau, R. E., M. Perrins & J. Trevor Hughes. 1969. Tongues of the Zosteropidae (white-eyes). Ardea 57:29-46.
Rand, A. L. & D. S. Rabor. 1957. New birds from the Philippines. Fieldiana 42:13-18. Hypocryptadius
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1990. Phylogeny and Classification of Birds, A Study in Molecular Evolution. Yale Univ. Press. (Cleptornis marchei a white-eye, not a honeyeater)
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Anderson, A. H. & A. Anderson. 1973. The cactus wren. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson.
Atkinson, P. W., Whittingham, M. J., Gomez de Silva Garza, H., Kent, A. M. & Maier, R. T. 1993. Notes on the ecology, conservation and taxonomic status of Hylorchilus wrens. Bird Conservation International 3:75-85.
Atwood, J. L. 1988. Speciation and geographic variation in black-tailed gnatcatchers. Ornithol. Monogr. 42. (Gnatcatchers Polioptila californica, P. melanura and P. nigriceps: species limits, vocalizations, and variation)
Kiltie, R. A. & J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1984. Reproduction and social organization of the black-capped donacobius (Donacobius atricapillus) in southeastern Peru. Auk 100:804-811.
Kroodsma, D. E. 1989. Two North American song populations of the marsh wren reach distributional limits in the central Great Plains. Condor 91:332-340.
Pasquier, R. F. 1984. The birds of the Republic of Panama. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 150(4):1-670. Donacobius a wren, not a mimid
Rabenold, K. N. 1984. Cooperative enhancement of reproductive success in tropical wren societies. Ecology 65:871-885.
Selander, R. K. 1964. Speciation in wrens of the genus Campylorhynchus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 74.
Wiley, R. H. & K. N. Rabenold. 1984. The evolution of cooperative breeding by delayed reciprocity and queuing for favorable social positions. Evolution 38:609-621.
Zink, R. M. & R. D. Blackwell. 1998. Molecular systmatics and biogeography of aridland gnatcatchers (genus Polioptila) and evidence supporting species status of the California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica). Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 9:26-32.
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Björklund, M. & M. Linden. 1993. Sexual size dimorphism in the great tit (Parus major) in relation to history and current selection. J. Evol. Biol. 6:397-415.
Braun, M. J. & M. B. Robbins. 1986. Extensive protein similarity of the hybridizing chickadees Parus atricapillus and P. carolinensis. Auk 103:676-681.
Cicero, C. 1996. Sibling species of titmice in the Parus inornatus complex (Aves: Paridae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 128:1-217.
Clayton, N. S. & J. R. Krebs. 1995. Memory in food-storing birds: from behaviour to brain. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 5:149-154.
Eck, S. 1980. Intraspezifische Evolution bei Grasmeisen (Aves, Paridae: Parus, subgenus Poecile). Zool. Abhandl. Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden 36(9):135-219.
Gaddis, P. K. 1983. Differential usage of song types by plain, bridled and tufted titmice. Ornis Scand. 14:16-23.
Gill, F. B., D. H. Funk & B. Silverin. 1989. Protein relationships among titmice (Parus). Wilson Bull. 101:182-197.
Gill, F. B., A. M. Mostrom & A. L. Mack. 1993. Speciation in North American chickadees: patterns of mtDNA divergence. Evolution 47:195-212.
Gill, F. B. & B. Slikas. 1992. Patterns of mitochondrial DNA divergence in North American crested titmice. Condor 94:20-28.
Gosler, A. G. 1990. The variable niche hypothesis revisited -- an analysis of intra- and inter-specific differences in bill variation in Parus. Pages 167-174, in J. Blondel, A. Gosler, J. D. Lebreton & R. McCleery, eds. Population Biology of Passerine Birds--an Integrated Approach. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Gosler, A. 1993. The Great Tit. 128 pp. Hamlyn, London.
Hailman, J. P. 1989. The organization of major vocalizations in the Paridae. Wilson Bull. 101:305-343.
Harrap, S. & D. Quinn. 1995. Chickadees, Tits, Nuthatches, and Treecreepers. Princeton Univ. Press.
Hill, R. W., D. L. Beaver & J. H. Veghte. 1980. Body surface temperatures and thermoregulation in the black-capped chickadee (Parus atricapillus). Physiol. Zool. 53:305-321.
Lens, L. & A. A. Dhondt. 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the timing of crested tit Parus cristatus natal dispersal. Ibis 136:147-152.
Ludescher, F.-R. 1973. Sumpfmeise (Parus p. palustris L.) und Weidenmeise (P. montanus salicarius Br.) als sympatrische Zwillingsarten. J. Ornithol. 114:1-56.
Mack, A. L., F. B. Gill, R. Colburn & C. Spolsky. 1986. Mitochondrial DNA: a source of genetic markers for studies of similar passerine bird species. Auk 103:676-681.
Martens, J. 1975. Akustische Differenzierung verwandtschaftlicher Beziehungen in der Parus (Periparus)-Gruppe nach Untersuchungen im Nepal-Himalaya. J. Ornithol. 116:369-433.
Martens, J. & A. A. Nazarenko. 1992. Microevolution of eastern palaearctic grey tits as indicated by their vocalizations (Parus [Poecile]: Paridae, Aves). I. Parus montanus. Contributions to the fauna of the far east, no. 2. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolut.-forsch. 31:127-143.
Morena, E. & L. M. Carrascal. 1993. Leg morphology and feeding postures in four Parus species: an experimental ecomorphological approach. Ecology 74:2037-2044.
Otter, K. & L. Ratcliffe. 1999. Relationship of bib size to age and sex in the black-capped chickadee. J. Field Ornithol. 70:567-577.
Robbins, M. B., M. J. Braun & E. A. Tobey. 1986. Morphological and vocal variation across a contact zone between the chickadees Parus atricapillus and P. carolinensis. Auk 103:655-666.
Sangster, G. 1996. Species limits in the blue tit complex: new evidence from play-back studies. Dutch Birding 18:85-88. lack of response among forms, plus difference in calls, indicate several species.
Sawya, P. L. 1990. Detailed analysis of the genetic interaction at a hybrid zone between the chickadees Parus atricapillus and P. carolinensis. PhD dissertation, Univ. Cincinnati.
Sheldon, F. H. & F. B. Gill. 1996. A reconsideration of songbird phylogeny, with emphasis on the evolution of titmice and their sylvioid reltives. Syst. Biology 45:473-495.
Sheldon, F. H., B. Slikas, M. Kinnarney, F. B. Gill, E. Zhao & B. Silverin. 1992. DNA-DNA hybridization evidence of phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of Parus. Auk 109:173-185.
Slikas, B., F. H. Sheldon & F. B. Gill. 1996. Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae). I. DNA-DNA hybridization estimate of relationships among subgenera. J. Avian Biol. 27:70-82.
Smith, S. M. 1991. The Black-capped Chickadee: Behavioral Ecology and Natural History. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca.
Smith, S. M. 1994. Social influences on the dynamics of a northeastern black-capped chickadee population. Ecology 76:2043-2051.
Smulders, T. V. 1998. A game theoretial model of the evolution of food hoarding: applications to the Paridae. Am. Nat. 151:356-366.
Smulders, T. V. & A. A. Dhondt. 1997. How much memory do tits need? Trends Ecol. Evol. 12:417-418.
Taberlet, P., A. Meyer & J. Bouvet. 1992. Unusual mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in two local populations of blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Mol. Ecol. 1:27-36.
van Noordwijk, A. J. 1987. Quantitative ecological genetics of great tits. In: Avian Genetics, ed. F. Cooke & P. A. Buckley, pp. 363-380. Academic Press, New York.
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Franz, D. 1991. Paarungssystem und Fortpflanzungsstrategie der Beutelmeise (Remiz p. pendulinus). (Mating system and strategy of reproduction in penduline tit Remiz p. pendulinus.) J. Ornithol. 132:241-266.
Persson, O. & P. Öhrström. 1989. A new avian mating system: ambisexual polygamy in the penduline tit Remiz pendulinus. Ornis Scand. 20:105-111.
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Long-tailed Tits: Aegithalidae
Bruce, J. P., J. S. Quinn, S. A. Sloane & B. N. White. 1996. DNA fingerprinting reveals monogamy in the bushtit, a cooperatively breeding species. Auk 113:511-516.
Greig-Smith, P. W. 1984. The significance of a hovering display at nests of the long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus. Behaviour 89:59-72.
Raitt, R. J. 1967. Relationships between black-eared and plain-eared forms of bushtits (Psaltriparus). Auk 84:503-528.
Riehm, H. 1970. Ökologie und Verhalten der Schwanzmeise (Aegithalos caudatus L.). Zool. Jb. Syst. Bd. 97:338-400.
Sloane, S. A. 1996. Incidence and origins of supernumeraries at bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) nests. Auk 113: 757-770.
Smith, S. M. 1972. Roosting aggregations of bushtits in response to cold temperatures. Condor 74:478-479.
Thaler, E. & C. Höhm. 1987. Schwanzmeisen Aegithalos caudatus brüten im Alpenzoo Innsbruck. Gefiederte Welt 111:34-38.
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Gatter, W. & H. Mattes. 19789. Zur Populationsgrösse und Ökologie des neuentdeckkten Kabylenkleibers Sitta ledanti Vieillard 1976. J. Ornithol. 120:390-405.
Ledant, J. P. 1978. Données comparées sur la sittelle Corse (Sitta whiteheadi) et sur la sittele kabyle (Sitta ledanti). Aves 15:154-157.
Löhrl, H. 1958. Das Verhalten des Kleibers (Sitta europaea caesia Wolf). Z. Tierpsychol. 15:191-252.
Löhrl, H. 1988. Etho-ökologische Untersuchungen an verschiedenen Kleiberarten (Sittidae), Eine vergleichende Zusammenstellung. Bonn. Zool. Monogr. 26:208 pp.
Matthysen, E. 1998. The Nuthatches. Poyser. (focus on Eurasian Nuthatch)
Matthysen, E., S. L. L. Gaunt & D. A. McCallum. 1991. A note on the vocalizations of the Chinese nuthatch. Wilson Bull. 13:706-710. Sitta villosa
Norris, R.A. 1958. Comparative biosystematics and life history of the nuthatches Sitta pygmaea and Sitta pusilla. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 576:119-300.
Saniga, M. 1995. Recent knowledge of the breeding biology of wallcreeper (Tichodroma muraria) in the Malá and Vel´ká mtn., Slovakia. Sylvia 31:26-37.
Vielliard, J. 1978. Le Djebel Babor et sa sitelle, Sitta ledanti Vielliard 1976. Alauda 46:1-42.
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Baptista, L. F. & Johnson, R. B. 1982. Song variation in insular and mainland California brown creepers (Certhia familiaris). J. Ornithol. 123:131-144.
Norberg, R. Å. 1986. Treecreeper climbing: mechanics, energetics, and structural adaptations. Ornis Scand. 17:191-209.
Thielcke, G. 1988. An examination of tree creeper Certhia familiaris song for character displacement and vocal convergence on areas sympatric and allopatric with short-toed tree creeper Certhia brachydactyla. Acta Ornithologica 24:75-83.
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Passerida, Passeroidea: Old World Nectar Feeders, Weaver-finches, Sparrows, Viduid and Estrildid Finches
Sunbirds
Cheke, B. & C. Mann. 1999. Sunbirds: A Guide to the Sunbirds, Flowerpeckers, Spiderhunters and Sugarbirds of the World. Pcia Press.
Clancey, P. A. & M. P. S. Irwin. 1978. Species limits in the Nectarinia afra / N. chalybea complex of African doublecollared sunbirds. Durban Mus. Novit. 11:331-351.
Dowsett-Lemaire, F. 1989. Food plants and the annual cycle in a montane community of sunbirds (Nectarinia spp.) in northern Malawi. Tauraco 1:167-185.
Evans, M. R. 1996. Nectar and flower production of Lobelia telekii inflorescences, and their influence on territoral behaviour of the scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird (Nectarinia johnstoni). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 57:89-105.
Farquhar, M. R., Lorenz, M., Rayner, J. L. & Craig, A. J. F. K. 1996. Feather ultrastructure and skeletal morphology as taxonomic characters in African sunbirds (Nectariniidae) and sugarbirds (Promeropidae). J. African Zoology 110:321-331.
Gill, F. B. 1971. Tongue structure of the sunbird Hypogramma hypogrammica. Condor 73:485-486.
Jensen, F. P. 1983. A new species of sunbird from Tanzania. Ibis 125:447-449.
Kennedy, R. S., P. C. Gonzales & H. C. Miranda, Jr. 1997. New Aethopyga sunbirds (Aves: Nectariniidae) from the island of Mindanao, Philippines. Auk 114:1-10.
Lucking R. S. 1996. Polygyny in the Seychelles sunbird Nectarinia dussumieri. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 116:178-179.
Payne, R. B. 1978. Microgeographic variation in songs of splendid sunbirds Nectarinia coccinigaster: population phenetics, habitats, and song dialects. Behaviour 65:282-308.
Prinzinger, R., I. Lüben & K.-L. Schuchmann. 1989. Energy metabolism and body temperature in 13 sunbird species (Nectariniidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 92A:393-402.
Rahman, M. M., M. W. Bashka & J. T. O. Sterringa. 1993. Ethological observations of the purple sunbird (Nectarinia asiatica): a mistletoe-frequenting bird. Indian Forester 119:388-403.
Schlamowitz, R., F. R. Hainsworth & L. L. Wolf. 1976. On the tongues of sunbirds. Condor 78:104-107.
Skead, C. J. 1967. The Sunbirds of Southern Africa, also the Sugarbirds, the White-eyes and the Spotted Creeper. South African Bird Book Fund, Balkema, Cape Town.
Wilhelm, K., H. Comtesse & W. Pflumm. 1980. Zur Abhängingkeit des Gesangs vom Nahrungsangebot beim Gelbbauchnektarvogel (Nectarinia venusta). Z. Tierpsychol. 54:185-202.
Wolf, L. L. & J. S. Wolf. 1976. Mating system and reproductive biology of malachite sunbirds. Condor 78:27-39.
Wolters, H. E. 1977. Die Gattungen der Nectariniidae (Aves, Passeriformes). Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 28:82-101.
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Bock, W. J. 1985. Relationships of the sugarbird (Promerops; Passeriformes, ?Meliphagidae). Proc. Intern. Symp. African Vertebrates, Bonn: 349-374. "honeyeater"
Olson, S. L. & P. L. Ames. 1984. Promerops as a thrush and its implications for the evolution of nectarivory in birds. Ostrich 56:213-218. "thrush"
Seiler, H. W. & R. P. Pry^ s-Jones. 1989. Mate competition, mate guarding and unusual timing of copulations in the Cape sugarbird Promerops cafer. Ostrich 60:159-164.
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1974. The relationships of the African sugarbirds (Promerops). Ostrich 45:22-30. "starling"
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1990. Phylogeny and Classification of Birds, A Study in Molecular Evolution. Yale Univ. Press. "sunbird"
Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., Jr. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale Univ. Press. "sunbird"
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Flowerpeckers and Berrypeckers
Desselberger, H. 1931. Der Verdauungskanal der Dicaeiden nach Gestalt und Funktion. J. Ornithol. 79:353-370.
Dutson, G. C. L., P. M. Magsalay & R. J. Timmins. 1993. The rediscovery of the Cebu flowerpecker Dicaeum quadricolor, with notes on other forest birds on Cebu, Philippines. Bird Conservation International 3:2385-243.
Mayr, E. & D. Amadon. 1947. A review of the Dicaeidae. Amer. Mus. Novit. 1360:1-32.
Parker, S. A. 1963. Nidification of the genus Melanocharis Sclater; Dicaeidae. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 83:109-112.
Rand, A. L. 1961. The tongue and nest of certain flowerpeckers (Aves: Dicaeidae). Fieldiana, Zoology, 39:581-587.
Salomonsen, F. 1960-61. Notes on flowerpeckers (Aves, Dicaeidae). Amer. Mus. Novitates 1990:1-21, 1991:1-38, 2016:1-36, 12057:1-35, 2067:1-24, 2068:1-31.
Sibley, C. G. & J. E. Ahlquist. 1985. The phylogeny and classification of the Australo-Papuan passerine birds. Emu 85:1-14. (Melanocharis not a dicaeid)
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Alström, P. 1998. Taxonomy of the Mirafra assamica complex. Forktail 13:97-107.
Alström, P., K. Mild &B. Zetterström. in prep. Identification Handbook of Holarctic Larks, Pipits and Wagtails. London: Christopher Helm / A. & C. Black.
Boyer, H. J. 1988. Breeding biology of the dune lark. Ostrich 59:30-37. (Mirafra albescens erythrochlamys)
Bub, H. 1982. Lerchen und Schwalben. Kennzeichen und Mauser europäischer Singvögel. Neue Brehm-Bücherei 540. A. Ziemen, Wittenberg Lutherstadt.
Dean, W. R. J. & P. A. R. Hockey. 1989. An ecological perspective of lark (Alaudidae) distribution and diversity in the southwest-arid zone of Africa. Ostrich 60:27-34.
Maclean, G. L. 1969. South African lark genera. Cimbebasia, ser. A, 1:79-94.
Maclean, G. L. 1970. The biology of the larks (Alaudidae) of the Kalahari sandveld. Zoologica Africana 5:7-39.
Meinertzhagen, R. 1951. Review of the Alaudidae. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 121:81-132.
Niles, D. M. 1973. Adaptive variation in body size and skeletal proportions of horned larks of the southwestern United States. Evolution 27:405-426.
Payne, R. B. 1978. Local dialects in the wingflaps of flappet larks Mirafra rufocinnamomea. Ibis 120:204-207.
Ryan, P.G., Hood, I., Bloomer, P., Komen, J. & Crowe, T.M. 1998. Barlow's lark: a new species in the Karoo lark Certhilauda albescens complex of southwest Africa. Ibis 140:605-619.
Willoughby, E. J. 1971. Biology of larks (Aves: Alaudidae) in the central Namib desert. Zoologica Africana 6:133-176.
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Arctander, P., O. Folmer & J. Fjeldså. 1996. The phylogenetic relationships of Berthelot's pipit Anthus berthelotii illustrated by DNA sequence data, with remarks on the genetic distance between rock and water pipits Anthus spinoletta. Ibis 138:263-272.
Hall, B. P. 1961. The taxonomy and identification of pipits (genus Anthus). Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool) 7:245-290.
Higuchi, H. & T. Hirano. 1989. Breeding season, courtship behaviour, and territoriality of white and Japanese wagtails Motacilla alba and M. grandis. Ibis 131:578-588.
Hötker, H. 1990. Der Wiesenpieper, Anthus pratensis. Neue Brehm-Bücherei 595.
Knox, A. G. 1988. Taxonomy of the rock/water pipit superspecies Anthus petrosus, spinoletta and rubescens. Brit. Birds 81:206-211.
Krüger, S. Der Brachpieper, Anthus campestris. Neue Brehm-Bucherei 598.
Liversidge, R. 1996. A new species of pipit in southern Africa. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 116:211-215.
Pätzold, R. 1990. Der Baumpieper, Anthus trivialis. Neue Brehm-Bucherei 601.
Sammalisto, L. 1968. Variations in the selective advantage of hybrids in the Finnish population of Motacilla flava L. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 5:196-206.
Zahavi, A. 1971. The social behaviour of the white wagtail, Motacilla alba alba, wintering in Israel. Ibis 113:203-211.
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Davies, N. B. 1992. Dunnock Behaviour and Social Evolution. Oxford Univ. Press.
Davies, N. B., I. R. Hartley, B. J. Hatchwell, A. Desrochers, J. Skeer & D. Nebel. 1995. the polygynandrous mating system of the alpine accentor, Prunella collaris. I. Ecological causes and reproductive conflict. Anim. Behav. 49:769-788.
Hartley, I. R., N. B. Davies, B. J. Hatchwell, A. Desrichers, D. Nebel & T. Burke. 1995. The polygynandrous mating system of the alpine accentor, Prunella collaris. II. Multiple patenity and parental effort. Anim. Behav. 49:789-803.
Sibley, C. G. & Ahlquist, J. E. 1981. The relationships of the accentors (Prunella) as indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization. J. Ornithol. 122:369-378.
Snow, B. K. & Snow, D. W. 1982. Territory and social organization in a population of dunnocks Prunella modularis. J. Yamashina Inst. Ornithol. 14:182-292.
Snow, D. W. & Snow, B. K. 1983. Territorial song of the dunnock Prunella modularis. Bird Study 30:51-56.
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Old World Sparrows: Passeridae
Baker, A. J. 1980. Morphometric differentiation in New Zealand populations of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Evolution 34:638-653.
Bock, W. J. & J. J. Morony Jr. 1978. The preglossale of Passer (Aves: Passeriformes)--a skeletal neomorph. J. Morphol. 155:99-110.
Bock, W. J. & J. J. Morony Jr. 1978. Relationships of the passerine finches (Passeriformes: Passeridae). Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 29:122-147.
Harrison, C. J. O. 1965. The nest advertisement display as a Passer / Ploceidae link. Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 85:26-30.
Johnston, R. F. & R. K. Selander. 1964. House sparrows: rapid evolution of races in North America. Science 14:548-550.
Johnston, R. F. & R. K. Selander. 1971. Evolution in the house sparrow. II. Adaptive differentiation in North American populations. Evolution 25:1-28.
Johnston, R. F. & R. K. Selander. 1973. Evolution in the house sparrow. III. Variation in size and sexual dimorphism in Europe and North and South America. Am. Nat. 107:373-390.
Parkin, D. T. 1987. Evolutionary genetics of house sparrows. In: Avian Genetics, ed. F. Cooke & P. A. Buckley, pp. 381-406.
St. Louis, V. L. & J. C. Barlow. 1987. Comparisons between morphometric and genetic differentiation among populations of the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Wilson Bull. 99:628-641.
St. Louis, V. L. & J. C. Barlow. 1988. Genetic differentiation of ancestral and introduced populations of the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Evolution 42:266-276.
Summers-Smith, J. D. 1963. The House Sparrow. New Naturalist, Collins, London.
Summers-Smith, J. D. 1988. The Sparrows, A Study of the genus Passer. T. & A. D. Poyser, Calton.
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Andersson, S. 1989. Sexual selection and cues for female